methods A preliminary risk analysis was chosen to carry out the risk mapping. The working group included a doctor, a pharmacist, a nurse, a PT, a health framework and a manager responsible for risk management. Results The risk mapping concerned the stages of preparation and delivery of drugs. The initial criticalities of the scenarios were distributed as follows: 46.5% unacceptable (C1), 37.2% tolerable under control (C2) and 16.3% unacceptable (C3). After the implementation of corrective actions, the residual criticalities were distributed as follows: 97.7% C1 criticality and 2.3% C2 criticality. Ten corrective actions were identified by the working group, for example, the computerisation of prescriptions and the over-labelling of non-unit drug blisters. Conclusion and relevanceThe preparation step is considered more risky. For the preparation stage 76% of the scenarios were classified as very vulnerable versus 58% for the delivery stage. The realisation of the risk mapping of drug management at prison made it possible to identify the potential dangers. The weekly nominative automated preparation of drugs by the pharmacy represents a major challenge.