Pakistan is experiencing an undersupply of electricity, causing load shedding several hours per day due to the adherence to conventional energy resources having quantitative and environmental limitations. Fossil fuels generate more than half of the country’s total electricity, but they will ultimately run out due to their limited supply. Their combustion emits greenhouse gases, posing environmental threats. Since the world is tending toward efficient and sustainable alternative methods for harvesting energy from nature, Pakistan has also been investigating an elevated deployment of renewable energy projects. This paper presents a critical analysis of the present energy sector of Pakistan along with global scenarios. Pakistan relies on mainly thermal, hydro, and nuclear energy for power generation. National solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass resources have not been extensively explored and implemented. This paper provides an insight into the potential of these resources in Pakistan to generate electricity for the national grid on a large scale. It focuses on biomass energy, which can be harnessed from bagasse, poultry waste, and municipal waste for power production, and biomass-based fuel for industries and transportation. It concludes that biomass is the most sustainable, available, implementable, and environment-friendly resource that can be utilized to lessen the energy demand and supply gap in Pakistan.

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Nowadays, web services are essential to all organization to build their business. But the major issue in web service is quality of service. Web service does not allow multiple processes in parallel with effective quality of service measures. In this paper, I suggest a novel planning-based approach for service composition instead of predefined workflow model. With the help of numerical and temporal features, the novel planning-based approach converts QoS-aware composition task for a planning problem automatically. Of an edge, with numerical optimization and logical reasoning to handle complex temporal planning problems, I have used existing one and a self-developed one including the state-of-the-art planners. While fulfilling different global QoS constraints, the outlook can find an optimal overall QoS value with composite service graph. With the help of large web service repositories, I have conducted great experiments on implementing it in a prototype system.