Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса»

The aim of the research is the assessment of environmental hazards and occupational safety to implement the most effective ways to protect workers, the environment from the effects of hazardous and harmful factors when using chemicals in agriculture.Research methods: monographic, abstract‐logical, mathematical and logical‐linguistic modeling, computational‐ constructive, probability theory, expert estimates, etc.Results: a model of integrated assessment of environmental hazards and labor protection in agriculture, including nine assessment blocks: 1) soil contamination by pesticides, agrochemicals and heavy metals; 2) the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, ensuring environmental protection; 3) the load of livestock on pastures; 4) the ratio of stabilizing and destabilizing factors; 5) the risk of waste and by‐products; 6) the production of environmentally safe products; 7) working conditions in the workplace; 8) the level of investment in labor protection, environment and environmentally safe products; 9) the level of environmental culture and culture of labor protection of workers and the population.Conclusion: the Model is tested in the working conditions of LLC  ʺMalinischiʺ of the Pronsky district of the Ryazan region in manual mode and can be the basis for the implementation of information and computer technology assessment.

Introduction. According to experts, in the coming years, the world market of organic products will continue to grow at a rate of 15-16% per year. The growth will equal about 20% of the world market of all agricultural products by 2025. In this connection, of a particular interest is the development of elements of agricultural technologies for the use of soil-improving substances and growth regulators of natural origin, including humic preparations, which provide for sufficiently high yields of agricultural products. Materials and Methods. The methods of using humic preparations were investigated on the example of spring barley seeds, treated with the traditional semi-dry method and using hot mist. Germination of seeds in the laboratory was carried out according to the Russian State Standard GOST 12038-84. The laboratory data were subjected to mathematical processing by the method of variance analysis. Results. The treatment of seeds with humic preparations led to an increase in sowing qualities, regardless of the method of seed treatment. However, the comparative efficiency analysis of the pre-sowing treatment of the test crop seeds with the aerosol and using the semi-dry method showed that the use of the developed equipment made it possible to increase the biological activity of humic preparations, which brought about an increase in the growth and biometric parameters of seedlings. Discussion and Conclusion. The treatment of spring barley seeds with humic preparations has some positive effect on their sowing and yield qualities. The strongest positive effect was obtained when treating seeds with reduced sowing qualities, which was quite often observed when harvesting seed crops in years with unfavorable conditions: heavy rainfall, lack of heat, as well as in violation of the technology of harvesting and preparing seeds. Our experimental studies showed that the use of the developed device for treating seeds with hot mist reduces energy costs and increases processing efficiency.

Based on the analysis of statistical yearbooks "state of contamination of soils and objects of the natural environment of the Russian Federation with pesticides and toxicants of industrial origin", analysis of the incidence of workers and the population from exposure to residual pesticides and heavy metals, the need to assess soil contamination for organic farming purposes in accordance with the requirements of article 9 of the Federal law of 03.08.2018 No. 280-FZ "on organic products and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation"is justified. For evaluation, a digital technology is proposed in the management of environmental safety and labor protection in agriculture, developed by scientists of the ITOSH-branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM. It is proposed to solve the problems of detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals and residual pesticides identified during the assessment using the available domestic and foreign experience by various methods: physical, physical-chemical, and biological.

АннотацияВ сельском хозяйстве наряду с вопросами продовольственной безопасности существует проблема повышения уровня плодородия почв, решение которой традиционными методами в настоящее время невозможно из-за финансового положения подавляющего большинства сельхозтоваропроизводителей. Ученые ИТОСХ -филиал ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ предложили выход из сложившийся ситуации -использование природного сырья (торфа, бурого угля, сапропеля, биогумуса) для производства органо-минеральных удобрений. Разработана первая в России блочно-модульная технологическая линия для промышленного производства гуминовых препаратов и на их основе -органо-минеральных удобрений. Технологические линии изготовлены и работают в 11 регионах РФ и Республике Беларусь. Ключевые словаНаучно-техническое обеспечение, органическое сельское хозяйство, цифровые технологии, агротехнологии, программные комплексы, технологическая линия, гуматы, микроудобрения. AbstractBesides the issues of food safety, agricultural industry has to deal with the problem of improving soil fertility, that cannot be solved by applying conventional methods at the present time because of the financial situation of the vast majority of agricultural commodity producers. The scientists of ITSA -affiliated branch of FSAC VIM offer to overcome this problem through using organic raw materials (peat, brown coal, sapropel, biohumus) for producing organic-mineral fertilizers. A block-modular production line for manufacturing humic preparations and organic-mineral fertilizers on their basis on an industrial scale has been developed for the first time in Russia. The manufactured production lines are in operation in 11 regions of the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Belarus.