The aim of the article was to study the content of total protein and protein fractions in the blood of cows during pregnancy and determine their diagnostic value. The studies were performed as follows. Within 7 days after insemination on the principle of analogues selected a group of 100 cows. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal examination of cows 60 days after insemination. In experimental animals, starting from the 25th to the 29th day after insemination, blood samples for morphological and biochemical studies were taken monthly before delivery. The total protein content in the serum was determined by the biuret reaction, protein fractions – nephelometric method. Depending on the course of labor and the postpartum period, cows were divided into two groups. The first group included 30 animals with a physiological course of the postpartum period. The second group was formed of 30 cows with subinvolution of the uterus. According to this goal, the dynamics of total protein, albumin, alpha-, beta- and gammaglobulins in the blood of cows with physiological course of pregnancy and prone to the development of subinvolution of the uterus from the first to 9 months of pregnancy. It was found that in clinically healthy cows the onset of pregnancy is characterized by a high (0.89) albumin-globulin ratio, which in the fourth month of pregnancy decreases to 0.78, in the fifth or sixth months increases to 0.85, followed by a decrease to 0.78 before childbirth. In cows prone to uterine subinvolution, a significant difference in albumin content was found in the first month of pregnancy (47.07 ± 1.21 vs. 41.02 ± 1.26 %). In the third to fifth months of pregnancy, there was an increase in the proportion of albumin in the protein to 44.62 ± 0.88 % and a new decrease in the seventh to ninth months to 41.96 ± 0.3 %. In the first month of pregnancy, the albumin-globulin ratio was 0.7, with a tendency to increase in the fifth to sixth months of pregnancy to 0.8, and decrease to 0.72 before calving. Analyzing the dynamics of alpha-globulins in clinically healthy cows, we noted two peaks of decrease in their percentage - in the third month of pregnancy (from 16.02 ± 0.08 to 15.14 ± 0.06 %) and in the fifth month , 96 ± 0.48 %) and a consistent increase in the seventh to ninth months of pregnancy (up to 17.22 ± 0.13 %). And in cows prone to the development of uterine subinvolution, with a slightly higher percentage at the beginning of pregnancy (16.02 ± 0.08 to 17.08 ± 0.05 %), we did not notice significant changes in the percentage of this globulin, except for a significant increase in seventh to ninth month of pregnancy (up to 18.01 ± 0.24 – 19.01 ± 0.32 %). It is proposed to use the albumin-globulin ratio at 6, 7, 8, 9 months of gestation as a prognostic factor in the detection of cows prone to uterine subinvolution.

No abstract

Under the current conditions of livestock development, the main task of farms is the systematic bacteriological control of milk and the development of comprehensive programs for the control and prevention of mastitis in cows. These measures will make it possible to establish control over this pathology, reduce veterinary treatment costs, improve milk quality, increase average hopes for lactation, increase the productive use of cows, and more. It was found that among the forms of clinical mastitis in the farm registered catarrhal and purulent-catarrhal (65.0 %), serous (12.0 %), and less often – fibrinous (11.5 %), hemorrhagic (11.0 %), and abscess udder (0.5 %). Bacteriological studies of milk taken from cows proved the presence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. Microbiological studies showed that the isolated cultures of microorganisms were sensitive to tetracycline, neomycin, and cloxacycline; conditionally sensitive to streptomycin, doxycillin; no sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, norfloxacin and gatifloxacin. A treatment scheme was proposed for patients with purulent-catarrhal mastitis of cows, included intra-tank injections of the drug “Mastidev-Linko,” intramuscular injections of the drug “Tseftiodev 5%” and external application of the ointment “Dibutaliastin.” As a result of studies on the therapeutic efficiency of the proposed veterinary drugs when used in cows of Holstein-Friesian and black-spotted breed, patients with purulent-catarrhal mastitis, 91.6 % therapeutic efficiency of drugs was established. It is recommended that animals infected with infectious agents should be milked last and milking machines thoroughly disinfected; apply the pre- and post-milking treatment of udder teats with disinfectants (dips); periodically check in the laboratory the disinfecting ability of drugs for udder treatment and disinfection of accessories; use only proven tools; control the correct preparation of solutions and treatment of the udder with disinfectants (dips); to reject animals that do not respond to treatment (chronically ill).

У статті наведено вивчення впливу застосування нового підкислювача «Аквасан» на продуктивність курчат бройлерів. Встановлено, що з 27 дня випоювання підкислювача спостерігали зростання живої маси бройлерів аж до 42 дня вирощування. На 35 добу маса курчат збільшувалася на 100,8 г (р≤0,05), а на 42 добу − на 245,8 г (р≤0,01), порівняно з контрольною групою. У період вирощування 29−35 та 36−42 доба при застосуванні підкислювача «Аквасан» у курчат середньодобові прирости за тиждень зростали відповідно на 13,8 (р≤0,05) та 20,7 г (р≤0,01). Витрати корму на 1 кг приросту живої маси курчат на п’ятий тиждень (29−35 доба) зменшувалися на 90 г (р≤0,05), а на шостий тиждень (36−42 доба) вирощування − на 150 г (р≤0,01). Дані результати досліджень вказують на те, що застосування підкислювача «Аквасан» стимулює процеси травлення, засвоєння поживних речовин і, як наслідок, сприяє зростанню живої маси курчат бройлерів та ефективному використанню кормів.