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Searching for new ecologically and economically efficient sources of chitin is of great interest in the field of biotechnology. Nowadays, the topic is growing fast, and many scientists, researchers, primarily the representatives of the Russian Chitin Society, study and search for new sources of chitin not only from large crustaceans, molluscs, and crabs, but also from insects and small crustaceans. Domesticated and liable to breeding representatives of invertebrate animals, particularly large American Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) can be new and promising raw material source. The Fly is a promising object of research because it contains a chitinous external skeleton. During the studies at the Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology Department of NARFU named after M. V. Lomonosov, there were determined a sufficiently high percentage chitin yield from dead flies equal to 21.3% (1281.2 g per year per 1 m3 of a cage), almost complete absence of residual protein (C = 0.98 µg/ml) and high adsorption ability (X = 156.6 mg/g) of the extracted polysaccharide. Studied qualitative characteristics enable to consider the product as environmentally and economically cost-effective sorbent with the possibility of application in many areas of biotechnology, environmental and industrial fields of production.

Wastes Management System is a set of measures to collect, transport, recycle, reuse or dispose of wastes, as well as control over implementation of these processes. In agriculture, the system primarily aims at environmental safety of production by recycling agricultural wastes. Disposal of organic animal wastes is main task of the system. Fresh bird excrement from poultry farms is unsafe for human, being the 3rd class environmental hazard. Proposed by us technology of bird excrement utilization is new, having no analogues in Russia. Based on process of excrement bioconversing by Black Soldier Fly’s larvae (Hermetia illucens L.), it solves a number of problems: environment protection from toxic poultry farming’s wastes (bioconversion speed: 3.7…7.6 kg/m2/day), production of ecologically clean fertilizers – zoohumus (output: 11.3…14.8% per 1 kg of wastes), and obtaining high-protein food additive for poultry (1.9…3.5 kg of larvae/day/m2). The system is profitable and of low costs: adding Fly’s larvae to the poultry’s food, consumption of combined feeds can be reduced by 49%; 360 kg of zoohumus per 1m2 is produced by recycling 3 tons of excrement by larvae; selling larvae as high-protein food additive is 28 times as much in contrast to selling excrement as granular fertilizer.

Agriculture creates a greater impact on nature than any other sector of the economy. Pollution of the environment by poultry and livestock enterprises is most often due to the imperfection of the technologies and technical means used, non-compliance with established environmental requirements. Special attention should be paid to the problem of processing poultry farms’ and enterprises’ waste, a large proportion of which is droppings. Fresh bird droppings from a poultry farm is dangerous for human health, and considered to be environmental hazard of the third class. The technology proposed for the utilization of fresh bird droppings is brand new and have no analogues in Russian Federation. It bases on the bioconversion process of the droppings from poultry farms with the help of Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.). The system proposed gives a solution to several problems: utilization of poultry wastes (bioconversion: 4.9…6.3 kg/m2/day.), using dried fly larvae as a protein rich feed additive in feed production (0.2…2.1 kg/day/m2 larvae); it also supplies agricultural enterprises with organic fertiliser (zoohumus) (zoohumus output: 11.3 12.5 % from 1 kg of wastes). The proposed system has features of production greening, the technology is characterized by the maximum efficiency of agricultural waste recycling and enables to increase the diversity of poultry enterprises functions.

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