Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the most destructive endophytic plant-pathogenic fungi causing Anthracnose disease in a wide number of economically important plants throughout the world. By far there is no existing methods possessing an effective disease management over the outbreak of anthracnose disease and it's precede to huge economic losses for formers and plant tissue culture laboratories. In order to find a new and effective control measure over these endophytes, with aid of nanotechnology, we synthesized bioactive bile salt of sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) capped silver nanoparticles and satisfactorily characterized. Further it was employed to control the endophytic fungus through in vitro direct and indirect model system with time dependant/light mediated incubation manner. In our findings we achieved fivefold synergistic effect of NaDC-capped AgNPs with their bioactive capping agent against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides upon analyzing different parameters with typical instruments. Moreover, it was evident that NaDC-capped AgNPs did not cause any phytotoxicity to treated plants revealed by molecular markers. Figure: 6. Direct antifungal activity: FESEM images of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides incubated with NaDC capped AgNPs at various timings shows degrees of cell damage: (a) 0 min (b) 30 min (c) 60 min (d) 90 min (e) 120 min and (f) 150 min.

Quantitative assessment involving noncontact electrical methods without the need for microscopy can enable a remote user to monitor the cell growth and development at different stages. In this line of pursuit, the utility of ultrahigh impedance, air‐suspended capacitively coupled electric potential sensors to monitor electrically active cells is examined. Standard cell lines and chick retinal explants on a variety of optoelectronically active polymer substrates are utilized to demonstrate the utility of this sensor placed in proximity without physical contact. Burst firing in developing chick retina in the early stage when photoreceptors are not developed can be observed via the photoexcitation of optoelectronic substrates using this noncontact sensing method.

Geochemical mapping has been carried out in Goa using soil/laterite and stream sediment as media. The geochemical maps for U, Th, Nb and Ta show a conspicuous pattern in the NW part of Goa. The anomaly axis shows a NE-SW trend which is across the formational trend. The nickel and copper distribution around Usgaon area, east of Ponda, have indicated anomalous signature in the northern continuation of the Usgaon ultramafic complex.

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