A generalized analysis of the data of contemporary foreign and national scientific literature on a widespread pathology – the treatment of deep dental caries is carried out. This article sets out the views of scientists on the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. It was concluded that the treatment of deep caries according to the «gold standard» does not guarantee in the future the absence of recurrence and complications of caries. Therefore, the justification and development of new more effective methods of treating deep dental caries are promising.