Якутский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. М.Г. Сафроноваобособленное подразделение Якутского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук Республика Саха (Якутия), г. Якутск, Россия Представлены результаты изучения биологических свойств и продуктивности интродуцированных сортов малины обыкновенной. Объекты исследования -сорта малины обыкновенной (Rubus idaeus L.) Арочная, Прелесть, Персик, Новость Кузьмина, Мальборо, Вислуха, Калининградская. В качестве контроля использовали адаптированный к местным условиям сорт Новость Кузьмина. Исследования проводили в 2016-2018 гг. в плодово-ягодном саду. Схема посадки ленточная -3,0 × 0,5 м. Агротехника общепринятая с пригибанием и прикапыванием побегов слоем земли или перегноя поздней осенью. Изучение проводили согласно общепринятой методике. В среднем по годам в период исследований сорта малины вступали в фазу начало вегетации в начале -середине мая (6-16 мая) при сумме положительных температур 79,3-121,3º. Наиболее ранний срок распускания почек наблюдали у сорта Мальборо. Цветение малины наступало в III декаде июня, через 39-44 дня после начала вегетации. Период цветения у изучаемых сортов растянутый. Созревание плодов малины зарегистрировано в конце июля. Окончание роста у всех сортов не отмечено. В результате коллекционного сортоизучения малины выделен высокоурожайный сорт Прелесть (3,6 т/га). По крупноплодности отличались сорта Арочная и Персик (105,5-106,8 г/100 ягод). Данные сорта рекомендованы к возделыванию на участках личных подсобных, фермерских и других хозяйств в условиях Центральной Якутии, а также для использования в селекционной работе как источники продуктивности и крупноплодности.

The results of the study (2016–2018) of the blackcurrant initial breeding material in yield, winter hardiness, resistance to powdery mildew and blackcurrant gall mite in Central Yakutia are presented. The observations were carried out in a breeding garden with a planting scheme of 2 × 1 m. Objects of the research were 90 hybrids of blackcurrant. The studied hybrid forms were divided into 5 genetic groups of different origin, obtained from intercultivar, intraspecifi c, and interspecifi c crosses of descendants of the European (Ribes nigrum ssp. Europaeum (Jancz.)) and Siberian subspecies of blackcurrant (R. nigrum ssp. Sibiricum (E.W.)), Scandinavian currants (R. nigrum ssp. scandicum Hedl.), wild currants (R. dikuscha Fisch. ex Turcz.), few-fl owered currants (R. pausifl orum Turcz. ex Pojark) and recumbent currants (R. procumbens Pall.). The most winter-hardy in the sharply continental climatic conditions of Yakutia are hybrids in the families of the Altaiskaya Late × Yakutskaya (1-2-13), Altaiskaya Late × Lucia (15-13), Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk (1-1813, 2-2-13, 2-4-13, 2-16-13), Podarok Kuzioru × Lucia (4-9-13). Resistance to blackcurrant gall mite was shown by hybrid families Altaiskaya Late × Yakutskaya, Altaiskaya Late × Hara Kytalyk, Altaiskaya Late × Lucia, Lama × Hara Kytalyk, Nika × Hara Kytalyk, Sharovidnaya × Hara Kytalyk. American powdery mildew did not affect 78 out of 90 plants of blackcurrant. The hybrids 3-4-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk), 5-13-13 (Sharovidnaya × Hara Kytalyk), 3-11-13, 3-13-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Pamyati Kyndyla), 516-13, 5-17-13 (Sharovidnaya × Pamyati Kyndyla were characterized by high yields (from 12.5 to 19.4 t/ha). The forms distinguished by individual characteristics can be used in further blackcurrant breeding as sources of economically valuable traits. Hybrid forms 3-4-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk) and 3-6-13, 3-13-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Pamyati Kyndyla) are of interest as complex sources of high yield, resistance to powdery mildew and blackcurrant gall mite.

No abstract

The article presents the results of studying the influence of biofactors on the yield of Altai varieties of black currant in the conditions of Yakutia. The purpose of the research is to evaluate and identify the sources of resistance to powdery mildew and kidney mite, high productivity of Altai varieties of black currant in Central Yakutia. Tasks: 1. to study the productivity, disease and pest infectability of Altai varieties of black currant; 2. to identify sources of high resistance to powdery mildew, kidney mite and productivity. The research was conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronova in Pokrovsk, Khangalassky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Objects of research – 10 varieties of black currant selection of the M. A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Natural Sciences. The research was carried out according to the "Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops" (1973, 1999). Immunity to powdery mildew was shown by the varieties Gift Kuzioru, Altai late, Spherical and Ksyusha. The relationship between the defeat of powdery mildew and yield on average for varieties was r=-0.4. Resistant to the kidney mite variety Lama, 3 points damaged variety Harmony. The correlation coefficient between kidney mite damage and the yield of varieties had a weak positive relationship (r=0.2).According to the high yield (8.9-11.9 t/ha), the varieties Gift Kuzioru, Altai Late and Spherical were distinguished, exceeding the control by 4.3, 3.4 and 3.2 times, respectively.A positive close relationship between the degree of flowering, fruiting and yield of varieties was established (r=0.6).The varieties Nika, Ksenia and Hercules were distinguished by their large fruitfulness. Valuable sources of black currant were identified: for resistance to powdery mildew – the varieties Gift Kuzioru, Altai late, Spherical and Ksyusha; for resistance to the bud mite – the Lama variety; for high yield – the Gift Kuzioru, Altayskaya late and Spherical varieties; for large - fruited-Nika, Ksyusha and Hercules. These varieties are recommended for use in the selection of black currant in the conditions of Yakutia.

No abstract