The study conducted in the Aring area, with the latitude of 4° 51’ 00” N to 4° 58’ 17” N and longitude of 102° 19’ 24” E to 102° 24’ 40” E. Three geological formations existed in this area, namely the Aring Formation, Telong Formation and Koh Formation. The lithology of the Aring Formation includes volcanic rocks such as lapilli tuff, andesite, autobreccia. Other than volcanic, the Aring Formation also consists of limestone, sandstone, and shale. Roughly similar to Aring Formation, the Telong Formation in this area is comprised of Mudstone Unit I, which consists of mudstone, carbonaceous shale, sandstone and tuffaceous mudstone. Koh Formation, however, has quite distinguished lithology and only comprised of sedimentary rocks. The lithology includes conglomerate, sandstone, shale, chert and Mudstone Unit II; carbonaceous lime mudstone and mudstone. Six fossil phyla, namely Echinodermata, Brachiopoda, Cnidaria, Antropoda, Porifera, Mollusca and unidentified trace fossils, were observed in the study as strong evidence of the paleoenvironment of the Aring area. In terms of geoheritage, the fossil occurrences in Aring were determined as regionally significant and essential for that area’s regional geology. Fossil is not significant and rare or unique occurrences to classify the fossil occurrences as high rank for geoheritage value. The development of fossil sites over this area can be considered only for educational and scientific purposes. Although fossils were found to be diversely distributed in several locations at Aring, Gua Musang, Kelantan, the levels of significance and value of Total Heritage Value were not high enough to acknowledge the fossils in Aring as a geoheritage potential site.

Oil pollution is considered one of the main contributors to marine pollution. The threat that oil pollution poses to the marine environment is extremely dangerous to its ecosystem. The South China Sea is an important route for various activities, including fishing, recreational and marine activities, and oil and gas exploration. Tarballs are a common byproduct of oil spills, which arise when the sun, wind, and water break down the oil. Tarballs are clumps or blobs of oil and hydrocarbon that have been weathered and displaced from the main body of oil by ocean currents can be found along the shorelines of the Eastern, South China Sea, and Western, Selat Malacca coasts.. The beaches at Chendering in Kuala Terengganu, which face the South China Sea, are also affected by tarball pollution. The geochemical study of tar balls and surface sediments of Chendering area is located at Chendering beach coastal plain area, 103° 11’ 09” E, 5° 16’ 09” N. In this study, The Inductive Couple Plasma-Optimal Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to analyse 12 soil samples (contaminated with tarballs) for heavy metal components. The ICP-OES result shows that average concentrations of heavy metal of beach sediments display the following ascending pattern Cu < Pb < Ni < Cr < Zn < Mn with the value of range 0.100, 0.331, 0.633, 0.905 and 3.226 ppm respectively.

A petrographic analysis was conducted to identify the mineral contents containing in the rock samples collected at study area located in Lojing, Gua Musang. The geology of the study area consists of metasedimentary rocks. There are six hand specimens collected and analysed using petrographic microscope. The limestone and carbonate rock is found at the study area. It has been subjected to some stress to such an extent that some of the grain boundaries have been modified by pervasive pressure solution of stylolites. Pressure solution is the process whereby this limestone has undergone selective dissolution to the extent that the grain boundaries were modified into thin dark n sutured seams. The rocks contain also microcrystalline to cryptocrystalline silica clasts which occur dispersed throughout the matrix. The petrographic analysis results show that the minerals contain in the six rock samples are micrite, bioclast, microspars, deformed quartz, K-feldspar, lithic and clayey carbonate lithic. The major minerals contained in the rocks are micrite and bioclast.