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SYNOPSISMethods for obtaining polymers with various content and position of anthracene groups in macromolccules (in the main chain, in the side radicals, or at the chain end) have been worked out. The methods are based on the copolymerization and on the reaction of synthetic and natural polymers with the participation of anthracene-containing monomers or reagents. The pecularities of the anthracene group reactivity in these reactions were investigated. Investigation of free radical copolymerization of 9-vinyl-anthracenes has shown that the reaction center can shift from thea-carbon of 9-anthrylmethyl system to the 10th position. This permits the preparation of polymers with anthracene groups in the main chains. We established the structure and content of the anthracene groups in the polymers obtained (polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids and their esters, polystyrene, polymethylene, polyvinylic ethers, some biopolymers) by UV-spectroscopy and by measurements of their luminescent parameters (spectra, lifetime of excitation, and polarization of fluorescence). The polymers with very low amount of anthracene groups "luminescent marks" (one per more than thousand of monomeric units), differently placed in macromolecules, have been used for investigating intramolecular motion of macromolecules by the method of polarized luminescence.