В статье охарактеризовано современное состояние проблемы воздействия свинца на здоровье работающих, указаны перспективные направления дальнейших исследований. На основе данных углубленного обследования работников свинецперерабатывающего предприятия доказана стадийность адаптации организма работника к воздействию свинца, обоснована необходимость установления новых допустимых значений биомаркеров воздействия свинца на организм работающих в контакте со свинцом. Доказана значимость в комплексе профилактических мероприятий правильного использования средств индивидуальной защиты, мер личной гигиены, а также эффективность применения пектина в лечебно-профилактическом питании. Учитывая комбинированное воздействие свинца на организм работающих современных предприятий, показана важность оценки микроэлементного гомеостаза. Подтверждена значимость расширения спектра определяемых биомаркеров эффекта при проведении биологического мониторинга и для оценки генетически обусловленной чувствительности к воздействию свинца.

Introduction. At the present economic stage of development of the industry there is a technological modernization of productions, decrease in operating concentrations of chemical substances in this connection reduction of frequency of occurrence of classical forms of intoxications is observed. Th is applies to the lead, occupying the leading position among industrial and environmental contaminants, which has one of the highest indexes of technological social and environmental significance.The aim of the study was to assess the impact of metal (lead) as a trigger of various nosological forms of diseases of the circulatory and respiratory organs.Materials and methods. Clinical and functional, laboratory examinations of 130 persons were carried out: among them 90 employees of the plant for the processing of lead batteries and cables. Th e comparison group included workers who had no contact with lead (40 people), comparable in age and experience.Results. Analysis of the structure of non-professional diseases of internal organs showed that the leading place is occupied by diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (58% and 26%), circulatory organs (40%).Conclusions. Th e results of the clinical and laboratory examination of workers of the lead batt ery recycling plant indicate the importance of combined exposure to lead as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, pathology of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Etiopathogenic features and diagnostic criteria of occupational diseases studying in workers engaged in colored metallurgy have been given in the paper. Polyvalent sensitization to metal allergens (nickel, chrome, beryllium, manganese) was found. A toxic effect of nickel on DNA was shown that could be used as a biomarker of exposure for biological monitoring in colored metallurgy workers. Biochemical investigations determined the main pathogenic mechanisms underlying pathomorphology of bronchopulmonary diseases caused by the exposure of colored metals, such as activation of lipid peroxidation, "proteolysis – antiproteolysis" imbalance, growing significance of infection. This is the first study demonstrating clinical and biochemical parallels between characteristics of development and course of respiratory pathology caused by the exposure of colored metals. Infectious, inflammatory, toxico-allergic, and destructive processes predominated in this pathology. Preventive and rehabilitation strategies have been developed.

The work assessed the impact of lead as a trigger to develop cardiovascular and respiratory pathology. Total examinations of 130 workers of the plant for processing lead batteries were carried out. Chronic obstructive lung disease and arterial hypertension have been found to be the major abnormal states. The results of the clinical examination of the workers indicate the importance of the combined effects of lead as an important risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

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