Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing growth sectors in the world and Asia presently contributes about 90% to the global production. However, disease outbreaks are constraint to aquaculture production thereby affects both economic development of the country and socio-economic status of the local people in many countries of Asia-Pacifi c region. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. However, the use of such expensive chemotherapeutants for controlling diseases has been widely criticized for their negative impacts like accumulation of residues, development of drug resistance, immunosuppressants and reduced consumer preference for aqua products treated with antibiotics and traditional methods are ineffective against controlling new diseases in large aquaculture systems. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems there by to maintain the health of the cultured organisms. Use of probiotics is one of such method that is gaining importance in controlling potential pathogens. This review provides a summary of the criteria for the selection of the potential probiotics, their importance and future perspectives in aquaculture industry.

Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing growth sectors in the world and Asia presently contributes about 90% to the global production. However, disease outbreaks are constraint to aquaculture production thereby affects both economic development of the country and socioeconomic status of the local people in many countries of Asia-Pacifi c region. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. However, the use of such expensive chemotherapeutants for controlling diseases has been widely criticized for their negative impacts like accumulation of residues, development of drug resistance, immunosuppressants and reduced consumer preference for aqua products treated with antibiotics and traditional methods are ineffective against controlling new diseases in large aquaculture systems. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems there by to maintain the health of the cultured organisms. Use of probiotics is one of such method that is gaining importance in controlling potential pathogens. This review provides a summary of the criteria for the selection of the potential probiotics, their importance and future perspectives in aquaculture industry.

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Studies on actinobacteria of marine habitats are gaining international importance due to proven abilities of novel compound production. Information on actinobacteria of the marine environments is less and hence the present studies were optimum at higher temperature, which indicates that they are thermophilic in nature. It can be conducted that the two strains (TA-1 and TA-2) belong to two different genera viz. Rhodococcus (TA-1) and Streptosporangium (TA-2). Actinobacterial strains were isolated from the sediment samples collected from the mud volcano, of the Baratang Island andaman and Nicobar group of islands. Out of a total of six isolates, two different actinobacterial strains (TA-1 and TA-2) were selected based on the morphological distinct colour of spore mass, riverside colour, arial and mycelia format production of diffusible pigment sporophore and colony morphology. Morphological studies indicated that the strains belonged to two different genera viz. Rhodococcus (TA-1) and Streptosporangium (TA-2). The strain had no aerial mycelium and analysis of the strain TA-1 showed fragmented rods, filaments and hyphae, and the strain TA-2 showed that the formed globosa sporangia on the surface of the colony liberated non-motile spores.