This study presents an integrated approach for analyzing the impact of macro-ergonomics factors in healthcare supply chain (HCSC) by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The case of this study is the supply chain (SC) of a real hospital. Thus, healthcare standards and macro-ergonomics factors are considered to be modeled by the mathematical programming approach. Over 28 subsidiary SC divisions with parallel missions and objectives are evaluated by analyzing inputs and outputs through DEA. Each division in this HCSC is considered as decision making unit (DMU). This approach can analyze the impact of macro-ergonomics factors on supply chain management (SCM) in healthcare sector. Also, this method ranks the relevant performance efficiencies of each HCSC. In this study by using proposed method, the most effective macro-ergonomics factor on HCSC is identified as "teamwork" issue. Also, this study would help managers to identify the areas of weaknesses in their SCM system and set improvement target plan for the related SCM system in healthcare industry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study for macro-ergonomics optimization of HCSC.

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Abstract. Mixed-Model Assembly Line (MMAL) is a type of production line where a variety of products' models similar to products' characteristics are assembled in the same line. Many manufacturers tend to use mixed-model assembly line in their production lines, since this policy makes it possible to assemble various products in the Make-To-Order (MTO) environment. In this research, the sequence of U-type mixed-model assembly line is achieved through considering downstream help and storage of kits as e ective help policies for reducing total line stoppages and tardiness in delivery time of products to customers. Since this problem is NP-hard, hybrid GA-Beam search algorithm is developed to solve the problem. Numerical experiments are used to evaluate the performance and e ectiveness of the proposed algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the rst study that considers getting help from downstream worker or using storehouse of kits, which has ready-toassemble parts in the conditions that workers cannot complete the remained task in the work horizon.