The main hazard in the early phase after the accident was due to radioiodine. Doses to the thyroid were estimated separately for (i) zones of strict control, (ii) the most contaminated provinces and (iii) the whole central European region of the USSR. Distinction was made between the children under the age of 7 years at the time of the accident and the rest of the population. In the later phase the main concern is whole-body exposure to radiocaesium. Doses were calculated for the same areas and age groups as in the case of radioiodine. The following consequences were considered: thyroid malignancies, leukaemia, other types of cancer, genetic defects and teratogenic anomalies. A statistically significant excess over the spontaneous level is unlikely to be detectable for these effects. A possible exception may be thyroid disorders. The risk of health effects was greatly reduced by preventive measures taken, in particular the lifetime doses have been restricted by the establishment of a limit of 0.35 Sv.

No abstract

The article is devoted to structural changes of the thyroid gland, causes of occurrence, diagnosis, treatment methods.

The efficacy of estrogen-gestagen therapy of patients with climacteric syndrome is no longer doubted. Besides reducing the number of hot flashes, hyperhidrosis, etc., such treatment prevents atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and atrophy of the external genitals. However, hormone replacement therapy of diabetics with climacteric syndrome involves a high risk of deteriorating carbohydrate metabolism. This study was aimed at elucidating the possibility of using Divine (Orion, Finland) for the treatment of patients suffering from climacteric syndrome in the presence of type II diabetes concomitant with coronary heart disease. The results indicate that the divine had a favorable impact on the course of the climacteric syndrome in the named patient population, appreciably improving the patient's quality of life and causing no decompensation of diabetes, which was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings.

No abstract