The efficient functioning of grain market contributes to the food security of the country. The aim – the issue of improving the grain marketing system is considered. Methods – comparative analysis, statistical and economic, logical, generalization. Results – assessment of the potential of grain resources in the context of the development priorities of the agro-industrial complex is presented. It is noted that currently there are changes in the volume and structure of grain sales channels: a decrease in absolute indicators and relative share of its sales to the State and increased sales on free market. The situation in storage of grain is shown, which indicates that in the work of large elevators, trends associated with functioning of agricultural holdings, the emergence of large grain companies and transnational corporations are indicated, which are mainly located in the territory of grain-growing regions. Аt the same time, many rural commodity producers do not have their own grain storage facilities, they are not united in marketing cooperatives, which does not give them the opportunity to form large commercial lots of high quality grain crops, to reduce distribution costs. In addition, they are not sufficiently equipped with grain cleaning and grain drying equipment, as a result, raw materials are not processed to basic conditions. Conclusions – grain industry, which occupies a key position in the economy of the republic, is a complex and dynamically developing multifunctional mechanism. One of the main directions of its development is the cereal marketing system, which predetermines the feasibility of agricultural production, the reliability of the country's grain and fodder supply, which has a significant impact on the efficiency of foreign trade. The problems of disparity in prices for commodity resources sold and grain products supplied to producers, and the development of production infrastructure remain unresolved. There is a lack of storage capacities for grain, high tariffs for services of elevators and grain receiving points, forcing agricultural producers to sell grain at low prices.