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Carcinoma of penis is a tumor with devastating psycho sexual repercussions on the patient. It was reported from different parts of the world with wide variation in incidence. Several factors were considered as inducing agents for cancer of penis. A clinic-pathological study is undertaken to find the incidence, the probable causative factors and the possible treatment methods that can be adapted. Preputial hygiene seems to be an important factor in preventing carcinoma penis. All the cases were of squamous cell carcinoma. Patients are coming for treatment in advanced stage of disease due to lack of awareness about the condition, becoming ineligible for modern conservative surgeries.

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BACKGROUND Diabetic foot is the most common and most feared complication of diabetes and is more significant than nephropathy, retinopathy, heart attack, and stroke combined. Diabetes-associated problems are the second common cause of lowerlimb amputations in India. Foot disorders like ulcerations, infection, Gangrene are the leading causes of hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus in India.1 METHODS A prospective study, carried out on 100 diabetic patients with foot ulcers over a period of one year from April 2019 to March 2020 at Sri Venkateswara Medical College hospital. The extent of foot infection was assessed based on Wagner’s classification and were studied based on the culture and sensitivity obtained and the efficacy of the antibiotic used. RESULTS The data analysis of 100 patients has given the following results. 70 % (70 patients) of them were culture positive, and 30 % (30 patients) were culture negative. Culture positive patients were divided into two groups with 35 patients each. Group A started on empirical therapy, Group B on sensitive antibiotic therapy. Repeat swab taken on day 7 from the previously culture-positive patients (70 patients), it was found that 30 out of 35 patients of group-A (empirical therapy) were still culture positive with a similar or newer organism, only 5 patients were culture negative, whereas in 35 patients of Group-B (sensitive antibiotic therapy) only 5 patients were culture positive with a similar or newer organism, remaining 30 patients were culture negative. Sensitive antibiotic therapy was found to be effective than empirical therapy in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. CONCLUSIONS Culture and sensitivity from the wounds play a critical role in prescribing appropriate antibiotic at the time of admission itself rather than starting the empirical treatment. KEYWORDS Diabetic Foot, Culture and Sensitivity, Empirical Antibiotic Therapy

INTRODUCTION:Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of death in women worldwide1. It accounts for 15 % of all cancer deaths2. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), approximately 70% of breast cancers occur in women with none of the known risk factors. Only about 5% of breast cancers are inherited. Various protocols are in use for the assessment of prognosis, and also to assist further management of these cases. Of various parameters, expression of hormonereceptors Estrogen receptor (ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) are significant AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the occurrence of ER and PR status in breast cancer patients attending S.V.R.R.G.G. Hospital. To correlate the expression of prognostic factors like age at presentation menarche, menopause, parity, tumor size, number of lymph nodes, metastasis histology, grading with ER and PR status. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This clinic opathological study of carcinoma breast was carried out in patients admitted to SVRRGG Hospital, Tirupati during the period from September 2011 to August 2013 after obtaining approval from scientific committee and ethical committee .Forty cases of breast carcinoma were taken into study. The clinical study done by interviewing, detailed examination and subjecting to relevant investigations and surgeries depending upon the stage of the disease. Excised specimen is sent for Histopathological examination in 10% formaline Reports of light microscopy (Hematoxilin and Eosin) and immunohistochemistry on tumor histology including MBR (Modified Bloom Richardson) grading and Estrogen and Progesterone status is analysed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ER and PR status correlates well with histopathological grading and other clinico-pathological parameters. Higher grade is associated with ER PR negativity. Hence. Immunohistochemical assessment of ER and PR status should be incorporated as a routine investigation. This along with histopathological grading will guide the clinicians to make correct choice of treatment protocols and helps in providing improved quality of life.