The issues of forecasting and preventing dynamic phenomena in coal mines, despite decades of research, remain insufficiently studied. The nature of dynamic phenomena is far from being known, and as the depth of mining of coal seams increases, the phenomena become more and more formidable and, as a rule, unpredictable.Most of the dynamic phenomena are related to the stress state of the massif and the peculiarity of its gas saturation, which is partly explained by the state of sedimentary rocks. In sedimentary rocks or crystalline fractured, the number of parameters characterizing the stress state of rocks at depth increases.Studying the dynamic processes of different intensity in the coal rock massifs of the Donets Basin, it was found that the main factors that provoke them should include anomalously high formation pressures, stress state and gas content of the massif.

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Since ancient times, the island of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) has been known as Ratnadwipa, which translates as "the land where gems are found." It is possible that Sri Lanka was the legendary biblical Tarshish, from where King Solomon exported ivory and precious stones. And today in Ratnapura  mining of precious and semi-precious stones continues (sapphires, rubies, amethysts, tourmalines, cat's eye, alexandrites, spinel, garnets, topazes), which are appreciated by jewelers all over the world.

The formation of technogenic reservoirs of coal-rock massifs is determined by the depth of development, lithological features of the host rocks and the gas content of the coal-rock massif. The formation and redistribution of gas-saturated zones and migration routes in coal-rock massifs continues even now, which is associated with modern fluid migration. Gas, filling the mine workings of closed mines, creates a threat to communications, structures as a result of explosions and has a negative impact on human health.  It has been established that the regular distribution of gaseous hydrocarbons is determined by discontinuities and confirms not only the diffusion gas saturation of the massif, but also the tempo, that is, the gas saturation of the massif through discontinuities during tectonic (tectonic-magmatic) activations. At the same time, it should be noted that geological discontinuities were not the “transport arteries” of gaseous hydrocarbons not throughout the entire space. For most of its strike, coal and rocks in the zones of discontinuities are folded, and there is almost no gas transmission. The worked-out space of active mines is a new technogenic reservoir suitable for the accumulation of gaseous hydrocarbons, the thickness of which exceeds the thickness of the coal seam. The active processes of gas migration in the exhaust space are indicated by the study of the residual gas component, in the mixture of which helium, hydrogen and quantitative changes in hydrocarbon gases (C2 - C6) were found.

Ukraine has 10% of proven coal reserves in Europe and 3% of the world. Delays in the reform of the coal industry are reducing the profitability of coal mining companies. Despite this, experts warn against ill-considered closure of coal mines. Generalization and analysis of the material on the current state and closure of Donbass mines, preliminary own research and field work in Donetsk-Makeyevka and Krasnoarmeysk coal districts were carried out. The proposed recommendations for the transformation of individual coal mining companies should start now, using grants from European countries. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account scientifically sound climatic, geological, environmental and economic factors to determine the directions of transformation of each individual mine, taking into account their features. It is advisable not to close mines with reserves, but to finance them to become profitable. Coal mining companies located within the city should be converted into parks, science and technology or technology parks, wind and solar EC. It is advisable to start the transformation process before the closure of the coal mining company, which will save jobs and create new ones.