The synthesis of new analogs of natural biologically active substances is a promising direction for the development of effective antifungal agents. Thiosulfonic acid esters (thiosulfonates) are the structural analogs of biocidal compounds from garlic, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, etc. More than 1000 thiosulfonates of various structures of the general formula RSO 2 SR' were synthesized at the Lviv Polytechnic National University, where their physicochemical properties were characterized. A high antifungal activity of the obtained substances was established in relation to the representatives of fungi of different genera. The thiosulfonates are perspective as basis for the development of effective antifungal means for the modern pharmaceutical, food industry, for the protection of various materials and agricultural products. To increase their effectiveness, antimicrobial compositions based on thiosulfonates and surfactants of microbial origin (biosurfactants) in the form of stable suspensions were developed and studied. It has been established that the use of biosurfactants in the compositions allows the enhancement of the antifungal activity of thiosulfonates and reduction of their active concentration. The possible mechanisms of the joint action of thiosulfonates and biosurfactants on fungal pathogens are proposed.

Oxidative stress may lead to a number of diseases such as atherosclerosis, nephrotoxicity, liver cirrhosis, cancers, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. Medicinal plants are an important source of antioxidants. Therefore, the antioxidant potential of Cetraria islandica was evaluated in this work. The coarse powder of leaf of Cetraria islandica was extracted in Soxhlet apparatus, with ethanol (90%) and ethanolic extract of Cetraria islandica (EECI) was further processed for phytochemical screening, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and various in vitro antioxidant assays. The phytochemicals present in EECI were glycosides, carbohydrates, triterpenoids, proteins and amino acids, gums and mucilages, and flavonoids. The content of extractives was 8.3 mg/ml for Cetraria islandica еxtract 70%. The content of polyphenolic compounds in terms of per head acid was the highest for the sample of 70% and amounted to 0.586 mg/ml, and the content of flavonoids per standard solution quercetin - 0,012 mg/ml - also for 70% extract. By DPPH, the percentage of radicals of absorbing activity for 70% of the extract was 86%, and the antiradical activity of 0,417, indicating a sufficiently high rate of Cetraria islandica antioxidant activity at such a concentration of ethanol. The tested extracts showed next results by FRAP assay: 486 μmol/L (EE96) 135 μmol/L (EE70) and 158 μmol/L (EE40). ABTS method showed the highest result of the extract of Cetraria islandica 40%. The obtained results confirmed the high potential of the extracts as a source of phenolic compounds, in particular flavonoids.

Мета роботи. Провести аналіз асортименту лікарських препаратів для лікування обструктивних захворювань дихальних шляхів (код АТС R03) на сучасному фармацевтичному ринку України та визначити доцільність розробки нових препаратів на підставі маркетингового дослідження. Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано статистичний і графічний методи. Результати й обговорення. У результаті проведених маркетингових досліджень та аналізу асортименту лікарських препаратів із кодом АТС R03, зареєстрованих на території України, можна зазначити таке: найбільше лікарських засобів представлено у вигляді порошку для інгаляцій; більшість асортименту (76,1 %) досліджених препаратів складають монопрепарати; частка асортименту препаратів, виготовлених на фармацевтичних підприємствах України складає 21 %; найбільше препаратів виготовляють вітчизняні фірми-виробники ТОВ «Юрія-Фарм» та ТОВ «Мультіспрей». Висновки. Аналіз ринку фармацевтичних препаратів України показав, що частка вітчизняних засобів є невеликою (21%). Асортимент лікарських форм потребує розширення, зокрема, варто звернути увагу на найменш численні форми: суспензії для розпилення та інгаляцій, розчини для інфузій та гранули.

Naturally-occurring antioxidants are of particular interest because of their ability to trap free radicals and prevent destructive processes caused by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of three herbal extracts from the root of pelargonium purifying (Pelargonіum sіdoіdes), ivy leaves (Hedera helix L., Hedera caucasigena Pojark) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) with different combinations of their ratios. These plants were chosen based on their wide use by traditional medicine healers to treat various diseases. Extraction conditions were selected for each plant separately, and ethanol was used as an extractant. Thick extracts of the studied plants were dried to obtain dry extracts with a moisture content not exceeding 1%. A definition of antioxidant activity (AA) of the studied multicomponent drug solutions was performed in vitro using DFPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical method. The results obtained show high AA of solution #7 in which the ratio of active pharmaceutical ingredients was almost the same (tannins: hederocoside: thymol and carvacrol = 1: 1: 1.25). Solutions #3 and #4, which contained 1.4 mg of tannins, 1 mg of hederocosids, and 3 mg of thymol and carvacrol in 100 ml of ethanol, also showed high AA. Multicomponent drugs #5 and 6 were the least effective. Thus, the antioxidant activity of multicomponent drugs based on extracts from purifying pelargonium root, common ivy leaf, and common oregano herb was investigated. The results of the research indicate the promising use of multicomponent drugs #7, 3, and 4 as antioxidant remedies.

Chelidonic acid (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is present in plants of Papaveraceae family, especially in Chelidonium majus. Due to its anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant properties, it has been used in medical treatments. In this work, the X-ray structure of methanol solvate of chelidonic acid was determined. Layers of chelidonic acid are held by hydrogen bonds via COOH and C = O fragments and additionally bridged by methanol. The formed H-bond network between two acid units is different from typical –COOH dimers observed, e.g., in crystals of isophtalic acid. The molecular structure of 2,6-dimethyl-γ-pyrone (2Me4PN) and chelidonic acid, a 2,6-dicarboxylic derivate of γ-pyrone (4PN), was verified in silico using density functional theory (DFT-B3LYP) combined with large correlation-consistent basis sets. The impact of –CH3 and –COOH substituents on 4PN ring structure, dipole moments, geometric/magnetic indexes of aromaticity, and NBO charges was assessed following unconstrained geometry optimization in the gas phase, chloroform, methanol, DMSO, and water with solvent effect introduced using the polarized continuous model (PCM). H-bond network formed in chelidonic acid–methanol complex was analyzed and their interaction energy estimated. Theoretical modeling enabled prediction of accurate structural parameters, dipole moments, and geometric/magnetic indexes of aromaticity of the studied 4PN, 2Me4PN, and chelidonic acid molecules.