The aim of the present study was to determine the respective role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on vaginal epithelium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor expression in ovariectomized rats and vitamin D3 treated rats. Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in 20 mature, non-pregnant Wistar female rats. All the animals were divided into 2 groups consisting of 10 rats each. Group I served as control. In group II, animals were injected intramuscularly with vitamin D3 (50, 00 IU/kg). Two weeks after the injections, vaginas of animals in group I and group II were removed removed and processed for immunohistochemistry. Epithelial differentiation, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor and cornifin b expression were investigated in vaginal epithelium of control group (ovariectomized) and vitamin D3 treated rats. Vaginal epithelial cells from vitamin D3 treated animals changed into highly- stratified keratinizing layers. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor and cornifin b as a marker of squamous differentiation were present in ovariectomized rats treated with 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. In contrast, cornifin b and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor were absent in all layers of vaginal epithelium in control group. We demonstrated for the first time that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced proliferation of vaginal epithelium consistent with the cornifin b expression and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor expression in vaginal epithelium

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This research is about the investigation of the Effect of EMDR Therapy on Adolescents between 15-17 years of age with Specific Phobia and Test Anxiety. The first hypothesis of the study is that “Adolescents who are treated with EMDR therapy will significantly decrease their fear scores of the phobia object (delusion, affective and total).” The second hypothesis is that "Sub-score and total test anxiety scores of adolescents who receive EMDR therapy will decrease significantly." The data on this research, collected by using Demographic Information Form, Test anxiety Inventory, DSM-5 Specific Phobia Scale for 11-17 Year-Old Children; through 31 adolescents living in Antalya (Turkey) and visiting the counselling centre for treatment between February 2022 and July 2022. Data were obtained and analysed in SPSS 25.0 package program. In the study, test anxiety sub-scale and total scores of adolescents who is receiving EMDR therapy with test anxiety, also total specific phobia scores of adolescents with specific phobia were compared as pre-test and post-test. As a result of the 5-session EMDR therapy, it was concluded that test anxiety sub-scale scores and total scores as well as specific phobia total scores decreased significantly in post-test measurement. Based on the research findings, it was considered that EMDR therapy gives positive results on adolescents with specific phobia and test anxiety.