We studied expression of malignancy markers galectin-3, cytokeratin-19, HBME-1, fibronectin, and cyclin D1 in cells of benign (n=51), malignant (n=87), and borderline (n=53) tumors. The results indicate that 3.9% benign and 41.5% borderline tumors express malignancy markers (specificity 98-100%). Follow up over 1-10 years after surgical treatment for borderline tumors showed no progression of tumor growth. We conclude that some benign and borderline tumors represent low-grade neoplasms with favorable prognosis.

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