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Infertility can be detected when the couples have not completed pregnancy after a year or more of normal coitus. So, in order to treat infertility, there are many supported reproductive techniques are in practice. The success rate of these techniques depends upon the way by which preparation of the paternal semen sample. Over the past 30 years, the manual has been standard as providing global standards and has been used extensively by research and clinical laboratories throughout the world. The spermatozoa of all placental (eutherian) mammals, including humans, are in a protective, no labile formal at ejaculation and are incapable of fertilization even if they are placed in direct contact with an oocyte. Accordingly, they must undergo a subsequent period of final maturation. during which they acquire the capacity to interact with the oocyte cumulus complex and achieve fertilization. In this article we tried to explain the most important analysis and techniques necessary for semen preparation to produce healthy and normal offspring.

The traditional IVF cycles involve ovarian stimulation protocols. Hormones treatment may increase the rate ofincidence of Ovarian Hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS). In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes can be the alternative method.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of Citrullus colocynthis (C. colocynthis) extract on improving the in vitro maturation rate of oocytes. The result of this study showed that there was an improvement in oocytes maturation after one day treatment. Data showed a significant increases in the percentage of oocytes maturation when they treated with C. Colocynthis extract compared with control group P <0.05. In conclusion, this finding recommended that the IVM as an alternative, since it is simple and less stressful procedure for the patient. Add to that, the IVM procedure holds a considerable promises to assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

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