Online communication offers organizations greater efficiency. However, online processes increase the threat level during message transfer. This necessitates researchers to develop and improve security protocols in order to enhance the security of communication lines. Despite the evaluation and acceptance of many authentication protocols, online communications remain insecure. we propose to add the user's physical location as a new authentication factor into Kerberos protocol and call it N-Kerberos protocol, and we validate the new form of Kerberos (N-Kerberos).

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Internet of things (IoT) is in the forefront of many existing smart applications, including autonomous systems and green technology. IoT devices have been commonly used in the monitoring of energy efficiency and process automation. As the application spreads across different kinds of applications and technology, a large number of IoT devices need to be managed and configured, as they are capable of generating massive amount of sensory data. Looking from this perspective, there is a need for a proper mechanism to identify each IoT devices within the system and their respective applications. Participation of these IoT devices in complex systems requires a tamper-proof identity to be generated and stored for the purpose of device identification and verification. This chapter presents a comprehensive approach on identity management of IoT devices using a composite identity of things (CIDoT) with permissioned blockchain implementation. The proposed approach described in this chapter takes into account both physical and logical domains in generating the composite identity.