Our experience with a small number of patients demonstrates that low socioeconomic status could be a risk factor in the development of complicated cases of XGP. CT is considered to be the best radiological test for correct preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of XGP. Nephrectomy and removal of all surrounding affected tissue proved to be curative for XGP.

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, had a benign right ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. It was diagnosed 1 month before conception, measured 9 x 7cm, and reached 33 x 24 x 20cm at 38 weeks gestation. Cesarean delivery of a 2250 g normal female infant took place, and the removal of a 6300 g right ovarian cystic mass was also performed. Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies of the cyst wall revealed stromal luteinization and a strong reaction with antiserum to testosterone, estrogen and progesterone.

This was a comparative study to determine the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration of the testis compared with open testicular biopsy in azoospermic men. A total of 34 infertile, azoospermic patients aged from 26-54 years underwent concurrent testicular fine needle aspiration (FNA) and biopsy. The testis was aspirated at three separated sites (upper, middle and lower pole) using a 20 ml syringe and 21-G butterfly needle. A testicular biopsy was taken from the same sites. Samples obtained from FNA were air-dried and stained with Romanowsky-May-Grunwald-Giemsa method. Sections obtained from testicular biopsy were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The patient's history, semen analyses, hormonal profile and testicular volume were analysed, and in addition to the histological results azoospermia was classified into obstructive and non-obstructive. A good correlation between cytological smears and histological sections was found in 65 of 68 testes (95.6%). Normal spermatogenesis was diagnosed in seven patients (20.6%), hypospermatogenesis in nine (26.5%), late maturation arrest in five (14.7%), early maturation arrest in three (8.8%) and Sertoli only-cell in 10 (29.4%) patients. Discordance between cytology and histology was observed in three of 68 testes (4.4%) and was related to inadequacy of FNA. Testicular fine needle aspiration is a simple, minimally-invasive procedure that can diagnose accurately testicular function. In addition to the testicular volume and hormonal status, it can differentiate the obstructive from non-obstructive azoospermia. In cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, multiple passes with a fine needle can be performed instead of open testicular biopsy for sperm extraction if present.

A total of 32 azoospermic men aged 24 to 54 years were studied perspectively at King Hussein Medical Center.Patient history, semen analyses, hormonal status, and testicular volume were analyzed.High-resolution ultrasound scan machine with a 7.0-MHz transducer was performed on all patients to detect testicular microlithiasis.Testicular biopsy was per formed on all patients.Based on the clinical findings outlined in this article, it is concluded that testicular ultrasound examination is a simple, rapid, and non-invasive diagnostic tool in evaluating the testicular body.Based on testicular volume, hormonal status, presence, and degree of testicular microlithiasis, ultrasound scanning has a significant role in differentiating OA from NOA.

To assess the immuno-histochemical expression of various markers in, endometrial biopsies of patients with endometrial cancer, and to correlate their expression with the final pathologic findings. Sixty-two patients with primary endometrial cancer who underwent surgical treatment were included in this study. Immuno-histochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, bcl-2, Her-2/neu and Ki-67 were assessed in curettage specimens, and review of the final pathology report from hysterectomy specimens was carried out. The expression of these markers in curettage was correlated with the final tumor characteristics obtained on hysterectomy specimens. Both ER and PR were significantly more expressed in endometrioid type (EC) than non- endometrioid type (NEC) (P value of 0.004 and 0.012). On the contrary, P53, Her-2 and Ki-67 showed higher positivity in NEC than EC (P value of 0.005, 0.025 and 0.002). Positive expression of ER and PR was significantly associated with low grade tumors and superficial myometrial invasion, whereas positive expression of Her-2 and Ki-67 was significantly associated with higher grade lesions, and deep myometrial invasion. Moreover, a statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between the positivity of P53, Her-2 and Ki-67 and the positivity of ER, PR. We found that determination of immuno-histochemical markers in curettage specimens might be helpful in predicting the final pathologic findings in patients with endometrial cancer. This might be helpful in planning the extensivity of the surgery.