Risk factors for transmission of HIV/AIDS are heterosexual (84.7%), Injection Drugs User (IDU) (5.7%), homosexual (4.7%), perinatal transmission (4.6%) and blood transfusion (0.1%). As the second-largest risk factor, IDU is a serious public health concern because of its high potential in transmitting HIV. The transmission of HIV in the IDU group with the unhygienic use of syringes is mostly related to hepatitis infection. On the other hand, the transmission of HIV in non-IDU is due to substance abuse, inconsistent condom use, sex work, and promiscuity. The aim of this review is to differentiate the mortality rates on IDU and non-IDU. Our search strategy was carried out by looking through scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021 from PubMed, Google Scholar, and non-peer-reviewed literature. We obtained 25 articles, but only 7 articles are considered relevant. Our findings indicate that the IDU group has a 50% higher mortality rate than non-IDU due to HIV-related complications and co-morbidities such as Hepatitis C. The comparison of survival between IDU and non-IDU for IDU is 53.2% [95% CI: 48.1-58.3], and non-IDU is 82,1% (95% CI: 80.7-83.6) respectively. Indeed, at the time of HIV diagnosis, higher CD4+ counts were present in the IDU group (IDU: median 358 cells/ml, IQR (200-561 cells/ml); non-IDU: median 300 cells/ml, IQR (130-486 cells/ml; P=0.0003). Therefore, our finding suggests that mortality rate in the IDU group is relatively higher compared to non-IDU.

Salah satu cara untuk memahami Al-Qur’an adalah mempelajari Al-Qur’an yang hidup. Seperti kita ketahui bahwa selalu identik dengan tradisi dan budaya masyarakat atau respon dari mereka tentang Al-Qur’an. Tulisan ini mencoba membahas tentang procotan dan tradisi masyarakat di Kemantren Paciran Lamongan. Inilah salah satu hasil usaha para dakwah dalam menyebarkan Islam di Nusantara, khususnya di Jawa Timur. Hampir di setiap tempat, kegiatan procotan dilakukan dengan cara yang berbeda-beda. Biasanya dalam tradisi itu, masyarakat biasanya membacakan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an, misalnya surah Maryam, Yusuf, dan lain-lain.