Kimchi merupakan salah satu makanan fermentasi yang mengandung bakteri asam laktat. Bakteri asam laktat merupakan kelompok bakteri gram positif yang tidak membentuk spora dan dapat memfermentasikan karbohidrat untuk menghasilkan asam laktat dan bersifat katalase negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri asam laktat asal kimchi dengan karakteristik spesifik, serta formula granul liofilisat bakteri asam laktat yang stabil dan memiliki efektivitas terhadap bakteri penyebab diare. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk isolasi yaitu metode tuang, pengujian aktivitas dengan metode difusi agar atau Kirby-Bauer terhadap bakteri uji Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhimurium, sedangkan untuk formula granul dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah dan menggunakan variasi zat aktif yaitu liofilisat bakteri asam laktat. Dari hasil isolasi didapatkan sebanyak 8 isolat bakteri asam laktat asal kimchi dengan karakteristik makroskopik, mikroskopik serta uji katalase menyerupai bakteri asam laktat dan hasil uji aktivitas dari 8 isolat, isolat K8 memiliki aktivitas terbesar dengan diameter penghambatan 11,015±1,0 mm terhadap Escherichia coli dan 11,68±0,6 mm terhadap Salmonella typhimurium. Hasil dari formulasi granul liofilisat menunjukkan formula F3 memiliki sifat kestabilan yang baik serta efektifitas yang baik dengan diameter penghambatan terbesar pada granul yaitu 8,31±0,03 mm terhadap Escherichia coli dan 13,97±1,4 mm terhadap Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract.This research aims to create a burn treatment performed with ozonation process from a mixture of vegetable oil and added extracts of herbal ingredients. Ozonation on vegetable oils proven to kill bacteria and safe for the body. Ozonated vegetable oil produced from the ozone reactor batch process by doing a variety of extraction mixture to Oleozon® and vegetable oils. Then the results of ozonation is added extracts of herbal ingredients that cassava leaves and white turmeric to increase effectiveness in killing bacteria. Cassava leaves have anti-inflammatory agent, namely Vitamin C. While white turmeric Curcuma zedoaria have substance, which of the two compounds can inhibit and kill bacteria. The quality of ozonated oil (Oleozon®) analytically were tested by the method of iodine number, acid number, peroxide number, and FTIR. Ozonation increased the peroxide and acid values for both oils, the increase being higher for mixture of coconut oil and soybean oil. The results of such mixing is then tested in bacteria to determine their effectiveness in killing the bacteria. The best ozonation condition is in an increase of 386,85% acid value, peroxide value about 102,91 meq/kg oil, and decrease in iodine number up to 21%. The result showed that under these conditions, ozonized oil has an antiseptic effect against Staphylococcus aureus. The final results of this study are expected to be a new innovation in the healing of skin wounds caused by burns as an anti-inflammatory that is effective, safe, and environmentally friendly.

The purpose of this research is to find out the development of Islamic civilization in the Medina phase. Here we can see the accuracy of the Prophet in taking coaching steps, because only with the support of the ummah can uphold the society that will be built. And the unity of the ummah can only be realized if there is brotherhood and mutual love, this is important for the Messenger of Allah to do because remnants of ignorance and tribal fanaticism may still arise if not immediately brotherhood between the Muhajirin and Ansar and fellow Ansar people, previously there were frequent wars between they. On the other hand, it aims to foster mutual help, where the Muhajirin come to Medina without bringing anything. With a solid Islamic society based on solid monotheism and unity that loves one another, agreements with outsiders can be made. This research uses the method (library research) by collecting a number of books, magazines, journals, lifet which are related to the problem and research objectives. Data collection with the results of previous research which supports data on research themes related to the development of the Islamic civilization of the Medina phase with the research process starting with the stages of identifying, finding relevant information, analyzing the findings, and then developing and expressing them into new findings related to the development of the Islamic civilization phase medina.

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East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is a province with low electrification ratio (78.3%) and high number of underdeveloped villages (74.8%), despite its abundant renewable energy resources potential. The objective of this study is to obtain technically-economically feasible village model with integrated renewable energy system for developing productive zone, Prukades-postharvest cocoa processing, in Wewaria, NTT. The methodology used is techno-economic analysis, in which technical analysis include optimization for hybrid power generation system (HPGS), done by using HOMER Pro. Several financing schemes are proposed to evaluate the economic feasibility. Environmental comparative analysis of mitigated GHG emission is also evaluated. It is found that the HPGS consists of 95 kW photovoltaic, 78 kW wind turbine, and 200 kW diesel generator, equipped with battery storage, and the Prukades system has annual capacity of 250 tons of wet cocoa beans/year with 32.9% yield. Prukades system is economically feasible with all proposed schemes, and potential to increase annual income of cocoa farmers. On the other hand, HPGS is only economically feasible with FS-5 scheme with 100% grant as financial intervention. The economic attractiveness of both systems is relatively higher by using integrated scenario, both owned by the same business entity, resulting in 3 other schemes to be feasible.