This article deals with the history of medical architecture development in Russia and abroad. Numerous examples of buildings of healthcare facilities, from ancient times to the present day, are given. Buildings of hospitals and clinics were erected in the architectural traditions then prevailing. Features of healthcare facilities, which determine their architectural concept, are: type and purpose of the healthcare facility, scope and structure of medical services, location in the urban environment, architectural environment, etc. When designing the construction and reconstruction of hospitals and outpatient clinics, parameters of wards, doctor’s offices, procedure and administrative premises shall be taken into account. Special attention shall be paid to requirements to surgical theaters, intensive care units and other facilities with sophisticated equipment and numerous utilities.

The article describes the organisation of the design and construction processes for nuclear medicine facilities in Russia. One of the key problems in this field has to do with the need to use custom-designed equipment whose specifications must be tailored to specific design solutions early on in the design process. However, this factor is ignored by the design-in-stages approach and by the legislation that regulates this area in Russia. Based on our vast experience drafting and analysing regulations, we have come up with a solution to this problem. The idea is to include a preliminary pre-design stage in the process. This preliminary stage would comprise a preliminary assessment of the safety of the healthcare facility, a feasibility study, a selection of the manufacturer to produce the required custom equipment and a draft sketch of the equipment. This would eliminate problems and errors at the later design and construction stages, eliminating non-conformances and the need to make amendments to existing documentation. At the same time, the proposed solution would not increase the time needed for design and construction.

Introduction. When designing buildings and installations, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is spread more and more widely. The adoption of national and international standards and classifications is of great importance for the implementation of information technology. Application of the BIM-technologies for constructing public buildings, in the first turn, medical ones, seems to be very promising. The paper discusses the problems of developing indigenous parametric blocks (families) and preparatory activities in using the BIM-technology. Materials and methods. One of the information technology tasks is to develop equipment specifications and transfer them through the technological chain of the construction facility life cycle. The creation and application of classifiers are necessary to prepare for using the BIM-technologies. Results. A project of an academic health science centre with an extensive equipment range is analysed. The project of a modern medical building contains a description of several hundreds of specific medical equipment types. The specifications should contain information, including denominations and quantities of the equipment units, data on overall dimensions and weights of the units, connection interfaces to the power supply, water supply, water drainage. When creating parametric blocks, the international classifiers Uniclass-2015 and OmniClass are often used. However, they do not cover the necessary equipment range and contradict the domestic practice of purchasing equipment and services for state demand. Conclusions. The cost of preparing for the design process as creating parametric blocks can make a total of tens or hundreds of man-days that should be taken into account when planning design activities. In terms of procurement for state and municipal demand, it is necessary to make design specifications following the available range of medical equipment.

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Рассмотрены особенности формирования функционально-планировочного образования жилого микрорайона в рамках курсового проектирования. Отмечен комплекс задач, которым руководствуются в работе современные архитекторы в городском пространстве. Предоставлено поэтапное описание работы над курсовым проектом студентов, целью которого была разработка подробного проекта дома повторного применения в среде реального проектирования. При выполнении проекта обучающиеся прошли весь путь от планирования до проектирования, побывав в роли проектировщиков и инвесторов. Ключевые слова: архитектурное проектирование, архитектурное образование, формирование жилого микрорайона, многоквартирные жилые дома, алгоритм проектирования, курсовой проект.