Generally, accountability is often associated with a concept of answerability, responsibility, blameworthiness, liability etc. Commonly, the concept of accountability from the perspective of governance is the means to control the public administration in democratic countries. The classification of public accountability is normally seen in terms of external and internal mechanisms. Hence, this paper shall discuss both mechanisms with special reference to Malaysia. The discussion also focuses on the limitation of each mechanism which rendered some problems to the concept of accountability in Malaysia.

Bike-sharing schemes are gaining worldwide momentum as a non-motorized transport. The reasons why cities have jumped on the bandwagon of implementing a bike-share system are to reduce traffic congestion, to improve air quality and as an alternative transport option to move around cities. As part of the effort to be "cleaner, greener, healthier and safer," Penang Island has decided to launch the first bike-share scheme in Penang, making it the first state in Malaysia to ever implement a bike-sharing program with a docking station. While the existing literature on bike-sharing focuses on European and North American cities, less attention is given to experiences in South East Asia, especially small cities in the South East Asia. This paper aims to fill that gap by evaluating the performance of the pioneer of the bike-sharing program in Penang; i.e. the LinkBike. Using the inaugural data from LinkBike's first annual report, as well as data from personal interviews and grey literature, this paper attempts to understand the performance, opportunities and challenges facing LinkBike in its first year of operation. Essentially, results show that LinkBike was performing quite well considering it was the bike-share pioneer in Penang. This paper also highlights several opportunities such as attractive brands and effective outreach strategy and challenges in terms of payment method, safety concerns and lack of cycling culture. Understanding these motivators and constraints will better shape the performances of LinkBike in terms of ridership and cultivating the cycling culture in Penang.

Pembangunan lestari merupakan asas yang penting dalam dalam memastikan kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat yang holistik dan situasi ini bukan sahaja boleh dilaksanakan di sesebuah bandar namun ia juga harus dipraktikkan di sesebuah kampus universiti. Dalam konteks ini, kampus universiti juga dianggap sebagai "bandar kecil" yang mana membentuk satu komuniti yang menjalankan aktiviti harian. Tujuan penyelidikan ini dilakukan adalah untuk memahami persepsi komuniti kampus terhadap inisiatif dan amalan kelestarian yang dilaksanakan di Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Ini kerana belum ada kajian yang bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana penglibatan dan penghayatan amalan kelestarian di kampus USM. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah temubual bersama 20 orang responden yang dipilih menggunakan persampelan bertujuan. Data di analisis secara tematik dan hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa komuniti USM beranggapan bahawa kelestarian adalah sangat penting dan secara umumnya mereka sangat mengambil berat tentang kelestarian serta turut terlibat dalam inisiatif dan aktiviti kelestarian di kampus. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa penting untuk memahami persepsi dan amalan tentang kelestarian kampus terutamanya untuk mereka yang bertanggungjawab terhadap isu kelestarian di USM.