Toxic metals encountered industrially or environmentally may produce the following syndromes: 1) Peripheral neuropathy: which is mainly sensory in arsenic and entirely motor with inorganic lead, organophosphorus compounds and tallium produce a mixed form of peripheral neuropathy. 2) Encephalopathy: usually with lead poisoning where ataxia and hemiplegia or optic atrophy may occur. 3) Optic neuritis: transient or permanent impairment of vision in arsenic poisoning and blurring of vision followed by field fedects with thallium poisoning. 4) Cerebellar disturbances: in the form of ataxia in organic mercury. 5) Parkinsonism: extrapyramidal signs occurs in manganese poisoning shown as mask face and rigidity of muscles. 6) Mental changes: as acute psychosis in organic lead and erethism in organic mercury.

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Background:The pandemic of corona virus disease [COVID]-19 had its great impacts on global health due to the increasing both morbidity and mortality. In addition, being quarantined is linked with high stress levels, insomnia, irritability and trauma-related disorders particularly in vulnerable populations. Therefore, there is a need to assess accurately and timely the magnitude of psychological health outcomes in those having exposure to COVID-19 pandemic.The Aim: The current work aimed to assess the perceived stress level among a group of Egyptian women and to explore the potential contributing factors for that during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeted educated women from different Egyptian governorates, and of different socioeconomic standards. The total sample was 286 women who were recruited by non-probability snowball sampling and through a semi-structured, online questionnaire comprising socio-demographic data, the validated Arabic version of Cohen Perceived Stress Scale 10 [PSS]. Possible contributing factors of the perceived stress due to COVID-19 were also inquired.Results: total females who responded to the questionnaire were 286 with mean age of 46.5± 11.0 years. During the quarantine period, the total score of the perceived stress scale was 17.1±5.37, and both high and moderate levels of stress were recorded among 73.4% of the studied sample. Stress level was significantly influenced by disruptions of social communication with friends and families, "getting basic needs for health and safety are unmet then ", conflicts between mother and her children represented as a load", being younger women [below 50 years], and "feel stressed due to inability for social gatherings". Conclusion:COVID -19 pandemic has its obvious psychological impact on females, and many factors were contributing to such situation, which put the spotlight on the importance of taking these impacts into consideration when designing policies to slow the spread of the pandemic.

Background: Positive identification of the deceased is one of the main aims in any forensic medicolegal investigation. This is extremely difficult when collection of bones or dismembered remains is brought for examination. In these situations, the primary aim of investigation is to determine the age, sex, race and physical features. So as to eliminate these difficulties, new methods are being developed. The aim of this study: is to develop formulae for determination of the sex through hand measurements and digital print parameters and compare the accuracy of both methods. Material and methods: the hand (length and width), palm length and the four digit length measurements of the right hand were taken from right hand of the 160 adults (80 males and 80 females) and from their digital prints. Results of the study showed that males had larger hand dimensions than females in both anthropometric and print measures. .To determine sex from hand measures and digital print parameters in both groups, a logistic regression was done to create regression equation. The accuracy of sex determination by this equation was very high reaching 79. %. Conclusion: Formulae were obtained by the logistic regression analysis for from both anthropometric measures and digital print parameters showing higher accuracy for anthropometric method. Recommendations: using the anthropometric measurements in determination of sex from hand as the print method is less accurate, future research works are required to increase the accuracy of print method.