The study was registered at clinicaltrials registry system with trial number: NCT 03438305. URL: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00 07SDV&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0002TST&ts=3&cx=ohgvvk.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the preemptive analgesic effect of low dose ketamine versus MgSO 4 on potentiating postoperative analgesia when compared to placebo in patients undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia. Methods: This prospective randomized blind study included 60 parturient females scheduled for cesarean section under general anesthesia. They were randomized into three equal groups [20 patients each]: group I [Control]: received 20 ml normal saline 0.9%, group II [Ketamine]: received ketamine 0.3 mg/kg in 20 ml normal saline and group III [MgSO 4 ]: received MgSO 4 , 30 mg/kg in 20 ml normal saline. Investigated medications infused over 10 min before induction of anesthesia.Fentanyl requirement, mean BP and HR were measured intraoperatively. Pain, sedation and nausea and vomiting were assessed at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. Total postoperative pethidine dose over 24 h was calculated. Results: MBP and HR showed statistically significantly lower value in group (K) and (M) compared to group (C) at postintubation and postincision readings. Intraoperative fentanyl requirement was statistically higher in (C) groups compared to (K) and (M) groups. The time for first request for postoperative analgesia was longer and the total postoperative pethidine dose over 24 h was lower in (K) group compared to (C) and (M) groups. Postoperative VAS scores at 2 and 6 h postoperatively showed statistically highly significantly lower values in (K) group compared to (C) and (M) groups. Apgar, postoperative sedation and PONV scores showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups. Conclusions: Preemptive dose of either ketamine (0.3 mg/kg) or MgSO 4 (30 mg/kg) in patients undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia could suppress the pressor response to endotracheal intubation and skin incision and decreased the intraoperative fentanyl requirement. Ketamine showed a significant preemptive analgesic effect compared to MgSO 4 at 2 and 6 h postoperatively.

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15/FecX) gene is considered one of the major genes and a candidate marker for the reproduction in farm animals, especially sheep. The present study aimed to detect the genetic polymorphisms of BMP15 gene in sheep using PCR-RFLP technique. In the present study, 115 ewes were assigned into high and low prolificacy categories according to their reproductive history. In high prolific group (n = 20), ewes produced twins more than single births. In the low prolific type (n = 95), the ewes produced single births more than twins. DNA was extracted from blood samples of all ewes, subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis and confirmed by sequence analysis. The PCR products of 356 bp size were cut with HinƒI restriction enzyme. Three digested fragments of 70, 117 and 169 bp were obtained in both types of sheep. All animals were homozygous with CC genotype. In conclusion, the accessible findings did not detect any mutation in FecX gene in sheep, regardless their prolificacy. Therefore, further attempts are necessary to detect other SNP for BMP-15 gene in Egyptian sheep breeds.

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