The topic of the article is relevant as the present-day developments of social and economic changes in our society pose new challenges for pedagogical science in terms of innovative changes based on the international scientific and practical experience of many countries of the world - the USA and also countries of Western and Eastern Europe, representing a new stage of education development complying with the globalization epos, formation of socially oriented economy which requires implementation of radical reforms in education. The purpose of the article is to characterize and theoretically substantiate the features of innovative approaches to creation of contemporary education; to discover pedagogical technologies in the process of achieving the innovative goals of education. The article defines the content of theoretical ideas about education in the knowledge society in the context of appearance of its social reality. The research methodology is built in terms of cultural and historical epistemology, which is based on the analysis of socio-economic attitudes to knowledge and cognition using a comparative review of theoretical developments with the real situation. Changes in politics and social priorities introduced a fundamentally new paradigm of higher education in Ukraine, based on the ideas of the growth of spiritual and intellectual potential of each young person, comprehensive development of one’s personality by introducing a humanistic type of thinking, forming a new mentality, awareness of the multicultural perspectives of the human society development, as well as understanding, recognition and ensuring the culture common to all mankind. The new paradigm of education and upbringing is aimed at transferring from the upbringing of a citizen of a particular country to the upbringing of a citizen of the world, i. e. a person with a sense of responsibility whose education and morality correspond to the complexity of tasks to be solved. This approach means gradual replacement of the causal, deterministic principle of cognition of reality within each discipline with modern methodological approaches.

The paper deals with the problems of text linguistics as soon as language relations with various aspects of human life, social existence, education, communication, and cultural activity are cognized through the text. The aim of this paper is to establish the regularities of the functioning of the scientific and educational texts with the focus on the study of specific categories of text linguistics. The author considers the issues of text linguistics categorical apparatus united by shared characteristics, the most essential properties, and phenomena of the objective world. The notion ‘category of text linguistics’ as of a meaningful system with the certain structure of the defined category was justified. Insights into such characteristics and properties were provided. Further possibilities for expanding the scope of linguistic research were outlined. They include all linguistic ideas that integrate with interdisciplinary sciences – philosophy, psychology, lexicology, ethics, linguistics, and stylistics. Methods and techniques of research, investigation of the object of the linguistic text: its composition, inner and outer connections, properties and relations, as well as laws of its development were determined. It is emphasized that the specificity of a particular type of activity corresponds to a particular style, which is known through the text and determines the text categories. Scientific and educational texts used in the process of studying a foreign language are characterized with a specific thematic orientation and typical for them logical-syntactic structure. It is this specificity that determines the interest of a certain contingent of students in mastering profession-related types of texts. Important properties of the text – cohesion and coherence – allow establishing connections between the text and its individual structural and semantic components facilitating its perception and understanding. Categories of texts form the students' communication skills and abilities, allowing to interact in the professional sphere and prepare them for realization of own communicative and practical attitudes.

The relevance of the research in the context of determining an importance of critical thinking lies in the excessive informatization of a modern society. The Internet is becoming a source of a large flow of an information, which is spread through the intensive use of an information and communication technologies in almost all areas of human life. The article highlights features of  a digitalization in the modern world, as well as the main methods of critical thinking for an analysis and an evaluation of an information. The research work is based on theoretical and methodological approaches of researchers of critical thinking as a method, in particular in the field of philology. Theoretical and methodological approaches of the research became the basis for determining results of an effective implementation of critical thinking methods in philological classes in higher education institutions in the context of a neuroscientific approach. In order to study the effectiveness of the use of critical thinking in philological specialties some research, descriptive and scientific methods were used. The method of an analysis was also used in the context of distinguishing the concept of  a method, critical thinking, specialties of philology and a neuroscientific approach. To determine the main results of the research, a generalization method was used. Results of the research became the basis for a need to think critically in the modern historical space, as digitalization of the society has led to a continuous flow of an information, which causes the infodemia as destabilizing factor in a public life. Also, future professionals in obtaining a qualification must clearly distinguish the true information from an inaccurate, which can be realized in the presence of a critical perception of an information flow.

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