Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The aim of this study was to identify the possible risk factors causing HCC. Certain metabolic diseases like hepatitis B, Hepatitis C infection lead to liver cancer without causing liver cirrhosis and increases risk of HCC by 27 fold. Cirrhosis itself is an independent risk factor of inducing HCC by 5-fold. Drugs used for the treatment of diabetes have shown to cause HCC. Certain toxins like aflatoxins increase the risk of liver cancer. Anabolic steroids are known to cause HCC by mimicking the action of some hormones. Some of organic and inorganic compounds like vinyl chloride and Arsenic cause HCC. This article summarize the risk factors of Hepato Cellular Carcinoma.

High blood pressure: The nutritional imbalance in fast foods can raise your sodium levels above healthy limits. Sodium intake, which comes mainly from salt, influences your blood pressure. Developing hypertension, or high blood pressure, can also lead to fatal cardiac events such as heart attack [13].

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The hypothesis of immune responses is predicted on theory of immune system that is capable of eliminating foreign antigens including tumor specific antigens in the process, immunosurveillance. To defense against tumors immune system activates cell mediated and humoral immune responses, cell mediated immune system protects the body from itself by controlling cancerous cells, this includes activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, Natural Killer cells, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, Lymphokines, etc., where as humoral immune system recognizes foreign particles. These cells play important role in defending as well as in diagnostic processes. Here I discussed about the cell mediated and humoral mediated immuno mechanisms involved in the defense mechanism against tumors.

Nanoparticles hold tremendous potential as an effective drug delivery system. The developments in nanotechnology for drug delivery laid platform for nanomedicine. To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment. This rapidly growing field allows cross-disciplinary researchers the opportunity to design and develop multifunctional nanoparticles in the form of nanotubes that can target, diagnose, and treat diseases such as cancer. Here I discussed about the engineering of nanotubes which targets drug delivery, barriers of drug delivery and advanced drug delivery systems.