Foreign aid has always been an important source of finance for Pakistan. The flow of foreign aid depends upon the donor’s interest and motives that can differ as some may be truly interested in helping the recipient nation (Mumtaz, 2013). Some donors may have a national interest while others may want to enhance their economic relations which refer to the idealist, realist, and neo-realist theories of motivations respectively (Berthelemy, 2005). The present inquiry is informed by a qualitative interpretive approach based on semi-structured interviews regarding financial aid donor’s motives. The overall results revealed people's perception that America has an inclination for both Pakistan’s nation and region for its own benefits whereas the United Kingdom is interested in human resources. Saudi Arab and China have dual motives, one is the development of Pakistan and the other is security and trade interest respectively. So America is proclaimed as realist donors, United Kingdom as Neo-realist while Saudi Arab and China have mixed motivations. Both are Idealists with some realist and neo-realist motivation correspondingly. However other financial aid donors are not prominent amongst the Pakistani nations.

The reason for this paper was to examine the impacts of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy on Depression in HEC University. The fundamental measures of the Dark Triads were obtained from past researches, which gave the foundation of our study facets. Information was accumulated via a questionnaire from 307 representatives from the Institution of Quetta. To accomplish the point, three propositions were built that constructed a link of depression with independent factors Mach, Narc and Psy. Data Analysis demonstrated that Mach, Narc and Psy particularly affect depression. Workload factor and workplace tackle with the difficulties they may confront invisibly. It is prescribed that more consideration be paid to the elements which can determine the workers and has developed a feeling of sadness, in the work environment, improving the development of workers just as the organization, with an emphasis on the efficient facets of dark Triads.

It has been agreed upon by the researchers that leadership style in an organization causes the quality of employee performance. Moreover, organizational citizenship behavior is also determined by the style of leadership in an organization. The question is what type of leadership style is determining these behaviors. In this study, the impact of transformational leadership on employee's task performance and citizenship behavior is studied. Transformational leadership was found to have a significant positive impact on employees OCB and performance further; it was also found out that OCB moderates the relationship of transformational leadership with employee's performance. It is concluded that there may be some incongruent behaviors or perceptions among the leader and his subordinates.

The present study employs log-log models and comparatively estimates the price-demand relationship of hand sanitizers, face-masks and vitamin-c supplements as COVID-19 prevention-commodities both before and after the exponential spread of the current pandemic. A novel weekly data is collected and generated by a two-stage stratified sampling technique in a field survey from five capital and most populous cities of Pakistan. The least-square methods with structural breaks are employed for city-wise assessment, while fully modified ordinary least square methods are employed for the pooled panel of Pakistan. The structural breaks are assessed using a priori information via graphical analysis as well as employing the global information criterion of structural breaks. The findings suggest demands and prices structurally surged exponentially after the spread of COVID-19 disease in Pakistan. Thus, implying; i) immediate policy check to stabilize the prices of COVID- 19 prevention-commodities for the poor and lower-income groups of people and ii) importing the commodities to fill the existing demand-supply gap to mitigate the spread of the current pandemic as per the World Health Organization benchmark for public prepared-ness to combat COVID-19 disease.