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Plants are a source of many drugs such as antispasmodics, emetics, antimicrobials, antipyretics, antidiarrheals, antioxidants, and antitumor agents. A large number of the plants are claimed to possess valuable properties in traditional medicine and are also used extensively by tribal people worldwide. Research has emphasized the evaluation and characterization of various plants and plant constituents against a number of diseases. Detection, estimation and extraction of the bioactive plant constituents have always been a challenging task. This review will provide an overview of the simple and reliable methods of qualitative and quantitative determination of the most common classes of medicinal compounds. It gives a valuable guide to biologically active constituents and methods to investigate the importance of a plant as a source of biologically active compounds.

This is the first comprehensive review of the biological activity of hydrazone-transition metal complexes. Hydrazone complexes gained much attention because of their antifugial, antibacterial anticonvulsant, and analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anticancer, and antiviral activities. Additionally, some of the hydrazone complexes were used in treatment of iron overload diseases. One application, which reflects the importance of hydrazone complexes, is their use in detection and determination of metals and some organic constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. This review will provide an overview of the biological, analytical and catalytic applications of this category of complexes.