The research aims at evaluating the food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of kitchen staff in economy hotels in Cairo and Giza governorates. This is to identify the weak points in food safety KAP of kitchen staff and propose the development plan. Food safety evaluation is applied in 12 economy hotels as a field survey sample representing 20% of total economy hotels in Cairo and Giza. The research utilizes three analytical tools: interview with the executive chef of each hotel, food safety checklist in kitchen area and food safety test to 3 chefs per each hotel. Sample selection considers variation in geographical distribution and hotel classification. Findings clarify that the overall evaluation of food safety KAP of kitchen staff is poor. The weaknesses are focused on incorrect food storage, improper thawing processes, mishandling of uncooked food and inappropriate preservation of hot and cold food temperature. The research recommends the development of food safety academic curricula with additional practical test. It also proposes the arrangement of food safety seminars by concerned ministries. Finally, it suggests the necessity of creating a food safety operational standards and instruction guide in economy hotels.

Electronic Surveys have become one of the recent technological tools used in the hospitality industry. Online customer satisfaction review is a significant type of electronic surveys utilized by marketing departments in hotel establishments. The research aims at identifying the main advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness of applying an electronic customer satisfaction survey. Seven 5-star hotels in Luxor and Aswan have been selected as the research sample, representing 58.5% of the total number of 5-star hotels in Luxor and Aswan. A questionnaire has been distributed among 35 employees working in the marketing department of the visited hotels and an interview has been conducted with 21 managers working in related departments in the investigated hotels. Advantages are summarized in the fast and easy access of guests, prompt and fast analysis of staff to the survey. On the other hand, disadvantages are briefed in the high cost of installing online systems and the ignorance of some staff and guests in using them. Egyptian Hotel Association, in collaboration with hotel properties, should provide technical assistance for installing an obligatory electronic customer satisfaction survey in Egyptian hotels, including Luxor and Aswan hotels. Finally, hotels have to assign technical staff for installing such a system with a follow-up agenda and provide training sessions to their staff to teach them the knowhow of operation. 'smart'. Rajbhandari (2020) reported that smart hotel classification is mostly related to smart technologies rather than a smart organization. The smart hotel term represents a

Cruises are currently regarded internationally as arising tourism activities and the Nile Cruises have become one of the important components of the Egyptian tourism sector. The research is aiming at providing an overall and current profile of the Egyptian Nile Cruises as well as demonstrating the opportunities for, and challenges against the Egyptian Nile Cruises' revitalization. A questionnaire has been distributed among 35 managers of sampled floating hotels to illustrate the latest condition of the Nile Cruises. An interview has also been conducted to explore the opportunities, challenges, and visions for Egyptian Nile Cruises' development. It has been concluded that most of Egyptian Nile Cruises have been negatively affected by the sequences of critical crises that led to work stagnation and a decrease in profitability. Recently, there is an undesirable influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on Nile Cruises since the cruise ship is the first hospitality establishment adversely influenced by epidemics. However, Cruise trips are still a potential tourism field in Egypt as Upper Egypt is a unique tourist destination that surely guarantees tourists' demand. Finally, it is proposed to adopt modern marketing tools to attract new market segmentation and sign protocols with inspection companies to control the health and safety as well as manage the anti-virus infection and protection procedures.

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Career development is regarded as one of the main processes of human resources management in the hospitality industry that requires planned programs with systematic procedures. A pilot study has been implemented and reached a conclusion that most of the three-star hotels in Greater Cairo have no career development programs. Then, the research aims at evaluating the overall situation of the career development process in Greater Cairo three-star hotels, identifying the main problems facing the implementation of such programs, and finally providing constructive recommendations for supporting career development programs. The research has chosen 15 three-star hotels in Greater Cairo as the sample of the study, representing 42.85% of the total number of Greater Cairo three-star hotels. The research has utilized a questionnaire distributed among 45 managers as 3 managers per hotel. Another questionnaire has been disseminated among 450 employees working in the visited hotels and the total number of valid answered questionnaires reached 379 representing 84.2% of the distributed ones. Research results demonstrated that there is no full staff awareness about hotel career pathways in their hotels with no career plan and reliable criteria for staff promotion, the fact that leads to employees' job-dissatisfaction. It is recommended to launch an awareness campaign for hotels' staff about career development significance and provide training courses for HR staff concerning the procedures of the career development process. Academics and researchers should assist in preparing benchmarking studies that could support career development programs in hotels.