Background/Objectives: Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder for which oral tranexamic acid has shown some efficacy in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of oral tranexamic acid in combination with hydroquinone cream in the treatment of melasma. Methods: Subjects with moderate-to-severe melasma were enrolled. Group A received hydroquinone 4% cream, sunscreen and oral tranexamic acid, while Group B received hydroquinone 4% cream, sunscreen and placebo capsules for 3 months. All subjects had an additional 3-month follow-up visit on sunscreen alone. The primary outcome measure was change in modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score. In addition, the melanin index was measured using a mexameter. Results: Fifty subjects were enrolled, and all completed the study. There was a 55% reduction in mMASI after 3 months from mean 8.96 (SD 2.45) to 4.0 (SD 1.6) in Group A compared to 10.9% from mean 8.53 (SD 2.04) to 7.6 (SD 2.0) in Group B. Three months after oral and topical therapy was discontinued, there was a 42% decrease in mMASI compared to baseline in Group A (mean 5.1 SD 1.7) vs. 4.7% in Group B (mean 8.1 SD 2.0). No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: A combination of oral tranexamic acid and topical hydroquinone is more effective than hydroquinone alone in the treatment of melasma.

Summary The increased use of ultraviolet (UV) nail lamps in recent years has generated safety concerns of this device. A UV nail lamp is a source of artificial UVA radiation, often used to dry, harden, and cure the nails at home and in the salon. UVA radiation is known to be mutagenic and can cause damage to the DNA, resulting in cutaneous malignancy. Currently, there are only a few studies that have evaluated UV nail lamp irradiation and its potential carcinogenic risk. We review the literature on UV nail lamps, its safety, effect on nails and hands, and the potential role in increasing the risk of cutaneous malignancy. Based on available data, the carcinogenic risk is low; nonetheless, the use of a broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF >30 before UV nail lamp exposure is recommended.

Latar belakang. Proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak amatlah penting. Mengetahui secara dini gangguan perkembangan diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat yang lebih baik. Berbagai metode untuk mendeteksi gangguan perkembangan pada anak, antara lain metode Capute Scales (CAT/CLAMS) adalah uji tapis spesifik menilai kemampuan komunikasi dan fungsi kognitif untuk anak berusia 0-36 bulan.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan perkembangan dengan status perkembangan anak usia 0-36 bulan.Metode. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang. Pemeriksaan dilakukan terhadap 75 anak di RW 03, Kelurahan Pulo Gadung menggunakan skrining CAT/CLAMS dan pertanyaan tersebut diajukan kepada ibu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling.Hasil. Diperoleh status perkembangan normal sebesar 84%, suspek gangguan perkembangan 13,3%, gangguan komunikasi 3%, dan tidak ditemukan subjek yang mengalami retardasi mental. Sejumlah faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah jenis kelamin, pemberian ASI eksklusif, urutan anak, usia ibu saat hamil, pendidikan ibu atau pengasuh, jumlah anak, jumlah penghasilan keluarga dan bentuk keluarga. Secara statistik tidak ada faktor risiko yang bermakna.Kesimpulan. Jenis kelamin laki-laki, tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif, ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan tinggi, jumlah anak lebih dari dua, bentuk keluarga inti mempunyai kecenderungan lebih besar menderita status perkembangan yang tidak normal. Namun tidak dapat dibuktikan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti dengan status perkembangan anak.

Facial cysts are often classified as large if 1-5 cm and giant when exceeding 5 cm in size. 1-3 Giant facial cysts can grow to be larger than 10 cm and attach to skin or underlying structures, such as nerves. 1 Inflamed large or giant cysts of the face represent a diagnostic and therapeutic quandary, as they can appear infected. Confirmation of lesion extent has been accomplished using MRI or ultrasound as described in the surgical literature. 3,4 Excision has been a leading therapy for giant facial cysts, though with high risk of recurrence and potential for scarring. 1 Cutibacterium acnes is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of cystic acne through triggered inflammatory pathways. 5 We describe a case series of adolescents with large facial cysts, some of which were related to C acnes.