Abstract� The demand for energy is increasing as a result of the growth in both population and industrial development. To improve the energy efficiency, consumers need to be more aware of their energy consumption. In recent years, utilities have started developing new electric energy meters which are known as smart meters. A smart meter is a digital energy meter that measures the consumption of electrical energy and provides other additional information as compared to the traditional energy meter. The aim is to provide the consumer and supplier an easy way to monitor the energy. Smart meters are considered a key component of the smart grid as these will allow more interactivity between the consu mers and the provider. Smart meters will enable two-way and real-time communication between the consumers and the provider. Considering the increase of electricity demand in Saudi Arabia, smart meters can decrease the overall energy consumption. This paper presents the development of a GSM and ZigBee based smart meter. This meter can measure the energy and send the information to the service provider, who can store this information and notify the consumer through SMS messages or through the internet.I.called smart and they are also the difference between the traditional energy meter and the smart meter. The idea of AMR technology is to do the meter reading automatically and accurate. The benefit of AMR is reducing the meter cost to the supplier and billing the customers with actual meter readings.In addition, AMR will increase the accuracy of the readings and it can allow frequent reading [2]. Smart meters are able to send the readings over communication lines and recognize their addresses and to activate/deactivate internal modules. To have that capability, AMR requires a specific infrastructure which would make it bidirectional. Such an infrastructure is called AMI. The communication medium in an AMI system must ensure the communication between the smart meters and the central computer at the service provider. The AMI network has the ability to register meter points, communicate into the customer premises, service connecting and disconnecting and other

The objective of this study was to study the incidence of type of impaction of mandibular third molars based on the classifications of Pell and Gregory and Winter, which included angulation of the tooth and level of the occlusal surface of the third molar with respect to the second molar, respectively, in a sample of Saudi population in central region. In this retrospective study, orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 17760 patients were examined, who were reported by the Dental University Hospital (DUH) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between the years 2016 and 2020. Out of 17760 radiographs, 2187 (12.31%) patients presented with at least one impacted third molar. Out of which, 1337 (7.52%) patients had bilateral impaction and 850 (4.78%) patients had unilateral impaction ( p < 0.001 ). No gender predominance was noted in the impaction status ( p > 0.05 ). In bilateral impaction, 671 were male (50.2%) and 666 were female (49.8%). Among unilateral impaction, 394 (46.4%) were male and 456 (53.6%) were female. Mesioangular angulation was the most common pattern of impaction (65%) followed by vertical angulation in both bilateral and unilateral impactions. Level A impaction was found to be highest in both bilateral and unilateral impactions which are 48.02% and 54.0%, respectively ( p < 0.05 ). Our study highlights mesioangular impaction and level “A” as the most frequently encountered angulation and level of impaction in impacted teeth. This study result provides us useful data regarding the radiographic status of mandibular third molars in the population of Saudi Arabia.

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