Cardiac autonomic dysfunctions are common in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

No abstract

Hydrogels are three-dimensional colloidal dispersions composed of a complex network of hydrophilic polymers meant for the controlled and site-specific delivery of a variety of drugs. Hydrogels based upon the combination of synthetic polymers and Xanthan gum not only increase the swelleability, drug loading capacity but also provide a promising platform for the controlled delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In the present study, pH-responsive hydrogels based upon Xanthan gum (XG)/Eudragit-S100 (Eu-S100) were prepared for the duodenal delivery of an anti-diabetic drug Metformin HCl (MT) at a controlled rate. Formulations were characterized for swelleability, drug release, surface morphology and compatibility with the loaded drug. The results of the study showed that all the formulations provided pH-dependent swelleability and drug release but the formulation based upon the combination of natural and synthetic polymer provided steady-state drug release at duodenal pH with very less amount of drug release at stomach pH. The release mechanism in that formation was the combination of diffusion/erosion. The FTIR analysis revealed no gel-drug interaction and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the porous structure in a gel matrix with interconnected tunnels to facilitate the diffusion of water and drug molecules. Taken together, the findings of the present study supported the assumption that a combination of natural gum and a synthetic polymer may provide a very useful pH-responsive extended- release drug delivery system for hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs whose basic site of absorption is the small intestine. Prospective researchers are suggested to conduct toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies on in vivo models

Objectives: To know the correlation of foot ulcers to the nutritional status oftype 2 Diabetic patients of Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place of Study:Private clinics of consultants of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Duration of study: February 2015to June 2016. Methodology: 387 diabetic type 2 patients were selected from different clinicsof physicians, orthopedics and diabetic consultants of sadder Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan. Themean age was 40±11.5 years. All patients were enrolled on prescribed proforma. Thoroughclinical examination was done. Wagner’s classification was used to categorize diabetic footulcers. Nutritional status was classified on Mini Nutritional Assessment score and patients weredivided into three groups according to Mini nutritional score. Blood samples were obtained forHemoglobin%, blood sugar, serum calcium and serum albumin estimation. All patients wereassessed radiologically by x-rays of involved foot. ANOVA test was used and p value <0.05was considered statically significant. Results: There was linear correlation in between Mininutritional assessment and severity of diabetic foot ulcer (p <0.03). Biochemical parameterwere also significantly associated with the severity of ulcers. Serum albumin was decreasedin grade 4 ulcer significantly (p value <0.04), while hemoglobin was also decreased in grade4 ulcer, p value (<0.05). There was no association of serum calcium to severity of foot ulcer,(p value >0.07). Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcers are common in type 2 diabetic patients andnutritional status is strongly associated with grade of severity. It is important to assess nutritionalstatus of all diabetic patients.

Background: Sexual cycle is complex and have so many phases. There are desires that initiates sex , which  occur with or without stimulus. Sexual dysfunction is a problem that occurs during the sexual response cycle that inhibits person from sexual satisfaction .It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women because of religious grounds, natural shyness, illiteracy, and unawareness of sexual education.Objective: To determine female sexual dysfunction in non-diabetic young female of Hyderabad, and to enhance awareness of this taboo problem in women.Material and methods: This cross-sectional   questionnaire based study includes 276 married non diabetic females, enrolled   by non-probability convenience sampling from OPD of private clinics of sadder Hyderabad. Study was conducted in l accordance with the guidelines for Declaration of Helsinki and data was collected after obtaining participants consents. All women were interviewed according to questionnaire designed in local aspects by modifying female sexual scale which contained 19 different questions, most of them having score from 1 to 5 or -1 to -5. This scale has been modified in local languages in Urdu and Sindhi. All data was entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 22.0.Results: The mean age was 23±9.5 years, mean BMI  was 24±5.5, mean duration of marriage was5.6±4.3 years, (24%) didn’t  conceived after 2 years of marriage.(55%) had 2 or more  children, Contraceptives user were 24±5.6 Pain  was experienced during coitus  by (15%), decreased desire in (20%),decreased secretion during foreplay in (15%) lack of orgasm in (30%) and arousal failure in (10% )and only (10%) had mixed disorder.(30%) had orgasm failure score of 25 and p value adjusted with age 0.03, arousal failure was in 10% but score was very low -10, p value was0.04.Conclusion: Awareness and decreasing shyness barriers of sexuality are increasing among the women.  Women are seeking a sexual solution, which is the first step toward proper treatment plan.