ABSTRACT. Several factors, such as hunting and the pet trade, are responsible for the worldwide decline of wildlife populations. In addition, fatal collisions with vehicles on highways have also taken one of the largest tolls. This study aimed to quantify the richness and abundance of vertebrate roadkill along highway MS-080 in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil. We compare the amount of roadkill to the distance between cities, moon phases and the flow of vehicles on the highway. Samples were collected weekly between March and September 2011, totaling 257 individuals, belonging to 32 families and 52 species, resulting in an index of 0.13 individuals hit/km. Birds were the most frequently hit taxa, followed by mammals. The most affected species was Cariama cristata (Cariamidae), followed by Cerdocyon thous (Canidae). The sections of highway closest to cities had the highest number of individual animals killed. Our observations indicate that the density of the vegetation next to the highway positively influences the amount of roadkill.KEYWORDS. Conservation, roads, roadkill, urbanization, habitat fragmentation.RESUMO. Velozes e furiosos: um olhar sobre a morte de animais na rodovia MS-080, centro-oeste do Brasil. Vários fatores são responsáveis pelo declínio da fauna mundial tais como a caça e comércio de animais selvagens. Mas a maior delas tem sido o atropelamento por veículos em rodovias. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a riqueza e abundância de vertebrados atropelados ao longo da rodovia MS-080, em Mato Grosso do Sul, na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Além disso, nós relacionamos a quantidade de atropelamentos à distância entre as cidades, as fases da lua e o fluxo de veículos na rodovia. As amostras foram coletadas semanalmente, entre março e setembro de 2011, totalizando 257 animais atropelados, pertencentes a 32 famílias e 52 espécies, resultando em um índice de 0,13 indivíduos atropelados/km. As aves foram as mais frequentemente atropeladas, seguidas pelos mamíferos. As espécies mais afetadas foram Cariama cristata (Cariamidae) e Cerdocyon thous (Canidae). As seções da rodovia mais próximas das cidades apresentaram um maior número de animais mortos. As nossas observações indicam que a densidade da vegetação ao lado da estrada influencia positivamente na quantidade de animais mortos na estrada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Conservação, rodovias, atropelamentos de fauna, urbanização, fragmentação de habitat.
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