Background: Origanum vulgare is used in Armenian cuisine as well as in folk medicine. The aim of this investigation was to determine the peculiarities of the chemical composition of Armenian flora’s oregano essential oil (EO) and ethanol extract (EE) and to characterize mainly antioxidant and antibacterial properties in vitro. Methods: EO of plant aerial parts was extracted by the hydro-distillation method, and the composition was analyzed by gas-chromatography (GC). EE was prepared using ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological activity of EO and EE was determined using appropriate methods. Results: The terpenes were found to be the greatest part of oregano EO (β-caryophyllene epoxide - 13.3 %; β- caryophyllene -8.2 %; ο-cymene - 5.2 %). The flavonoid content of EE was 3.9±0.7 mg g-1 catechin equivalents. Antiradical activities of EO and EE expressed with half-maximum inhibitory concentrations were 1057 µg mL-1 and 19.97 µg mL-1. The antioxidant index in the case of using extract (1000 µg mL-1) was 77.3±1.5 %. The metal chelating activity of EE was 74.5±0.2 %. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of EO, EE and arbutin were 26.5±0.3 %, 6.5±0.2 % and 50±0.1 %, respectively. Both EO and EE of oregano were able to suppress the growth of testmicroorganisms including clinical pathogen isolates, but have moderate antimicrobial activity. EO antibacterial activity against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli was similar to the activity against non-resistant strain. EE was not active against ampicillin-resistant E. coli in contrast to non-resistant one. Conclusion: The results indicate high antioxidant and moderate antibacterial as well as high antiradical, metal chelating, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of oregano EO and EE, which can be used as a natural source of terpenes, flavonoids and other phytochemicals in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food industry. EO has antibacterial activity also against ampicillin-resistant E. coli.

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The main objective of the study was to analyze the peculiarities of pharmaceutical sciences priorities and challenges towards on pharmacists' profession regulation issues perfection and enhancement in Georgia. The study was a quantitative investigation by using questionnaires. A survey study was conducted. The in-depth interview method of the respondents was used in the study. Different types of approved questionnaires were used (respondents were randomly selected): questionnaires for chief pharmacists, patients, employed pharmacy faculty-students, health-care specialists, and pharmacist specialists. Were used methods of systematic, sociological (surveying, questioning), comparative, mathematicalstatistical, graphical analysis. The data were processed and analyzed with the SPSS program. We conducted descriptive statistics and regression analyses to detect an association between variables. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 11.0. A Chi-square test was applied to estimate the statistical significance and differences. We defined p < 0.05 as significant for all analyses. According to the study results, the respondent young (up to 35 year) pharmacists vast majority considered that for successful work their knowledge was not enough in the subjects of pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care. Therefore, in our opinion at university pharmacy programs and syllabuses need upgrade, adaptation and fit on new demands reality. In pharmacy faculty programs there should increase credits in the following subjects: pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care. Above mentioned complex would help formation of the highly qualified pharmacist with deep and systematic knowledge. It is obvious that the contact hours in the pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, clinical pharmacy and the pharmaceutical care subjects within the Peculiarities of priorities and challenges of pharmaceutical sciences Peculiarities of priorities and challenges of pharmaceutical sciences Peculiarities of priorities and challenges of pharmaceutical sciences Peculiarities of priorities and challenges of pharmaceutical sciences … … … … . . . .

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Проведено фармакогностическое исследование сырья эхинацеи пурпурной, выращенной в Апаране. Была проведена предварительная стандартизация сырья эхинацеи и установлены анатомо-диагностические признаки. Оценена экологическая безопасность сырья. С помощью ВЭЖХ не было подтверждено присутствие полисахарида арабиногалактана, и детектируемое соединение предположительно является арабинорамногалактан. Результаты исследования биологической активности показали, что 0,78% сухой спиртовый экстракт эхинацеи пурпурной оказывает стимулирующее действие на тестируемые молочнокислые бактерии. / Pharmacognostic study of raw material Echinacea Purpurea grown in Aparan was performed. The raw material of Echinacea has been primarily standardized and anatomical-distinctive features have been confirmed. The ecological safety of the Echinacea raw material has been assessed. The presence of arabinogalactan polysaccharide was not confirmed by HPLC and the expressed compound is presumably arabinoramnogalactane. The results of the study of biological activity showed that the Echinacea Purpurea dry alcohol extract, at a density of 0.78%, had a stimulating effect on the tested lactic acid bacteria.