Objectives: To evaluate and compare blood glucose levels and lipid profile in diabetic vs healthy adults. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to April 2021. The study samples were collected from Northwest General Hospital Peshawar. Sixty patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and an equal number of control subjects were included in this study. After the recruitment of subjects according to the inclusion criteria, subjects were divided into two cohorts; Patients with Diabetes (Group I N=60) and a Non-Diabetic Control Group (Control group N=60). Blood from the subjects was checked for glucose levels and lipid profile. Blood was taken and analysed at the Hospital Lab via Cobas 6000 analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26.0 for MacBook Pro. T test was applied to the data and p value was kept at 0.05 for significance. Results: Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) rise was statistically significant (p=0.03) with a mean and standard deviation (SD) of 161.21±46.31* for Group I and 79.29±18.56 for Group II with a Mean Difference (MD) of 81.92.

Objectives: To determine and compare the serum soluble Endoglin (sEng) levels among pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE) and women having normal pregnancy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried at IBMS KMU and the data collection was carried out in the department of Gynecology & obstetrics, Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar, from June 2019 to July 2020. A total of 138 pregnant women at the gestational age of 26-30 weeks were included. The study sample was divided into two groups. Group A: Pre-Eclamptic (n=92). Group B: Normotensive Control Group; women with normal pregnancy (n=46). Results: Mean age in PE group was considerably lower as compared to control group (p<0.001). Similarly, mean age at the time of marriage was significantly lower in the PE group compared to control group (19.40±1.92 vs 21.17±2.19 years, p<0.001). Both mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in PE and control group was noted to be significantly differed (169.78 ± 16.64/ 114.62 ± 9.34 vs 119.57 ± 1.07/ 78.48 ± 5.56 mm Hg, p<0.05). PE group had statistically significantly higher sEng levels compared to control group (13.42 ± 2.94vs3.47 ± 2.80 ng /ml, p <0.001).

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most prevailing non- communicable diseases worldwide. It is the main reason of morbidity and mortality. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the major complications associated with diabetes. It is a risk factor for cognitive decline as the duration of diabetes progress and if accompanied by hypoglycemic attacks. Aim: To determine the frequency of dementia in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Medical Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st March 2019 to 30th September 2019 Methodology: Two hundred and thirty five male and female patients suffering from diabetes mellitus from past 2 years were enrolled. The subjects were clinically assessed through history and physical examination. Results: The mean age was 60±10.26 years with 42% male patients and 58% female patients. 12% of patients had dementia where as in 88% of patients it was not observed. Conclusion: The frequency of dementia in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus is 12%. Key words: Diabetes, Dementia, Hypoglycemia

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the Biochemical/Haematological parameters in healthy (pregnant subjects) vs preeclamptic females. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was planned/conducted at IBMS KMU Peshawar and the data was collected from the Dept. of Gynaecology & Obstetrics-Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from June 2019 to July 2020. One hundred thirty-eight pregnant subjects between the gestational ages of 26-30 weeks were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two cohorts; Patients with preeclampsia (Group I N=92) and a Normotensive Control Group; women with normal pregnancy (Control group N=46). Blood from the subjects was checked for Haemoglobin (Hb) and Platelet (PLT) levels and Body Mass Index (BMI) among other parameters. Blood was taken and analysed at the Hospital Lab via Cobas 6000 analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26.0 for MacBook Pro. Results: Body mass index of PE group was significantly higher compared to normal group (p<0.001). Similarly, mean platelet counts and hemoglobin in PE group was lower as compared to normo-tensive group and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in mean gestational age (weeks) between the two groups (27.83 ± 0.95 vs 27.78 ± 1.07, p= 0.33) was observed.