Deep feet frostbite is a severe trauma and often leads to amputation due to full-thickness skin necrosis and subcutaneous tissue damage. A retrospective analysis was performed between June 2013 and June 2019 to review the management measures and outcomes of clinical treatment, and available data had been collected including demographic characteristics, risk factors, and injury environment record. Treatment protocols, wound management, and outcomes were also presented. There were 36 patients diagnosed with deep feet frostbite with a mean age of 51.5 years; the ratio for male to female is 5:1. Drunk and mental disorders were the main risk behaviors for frostbite occurrence. As for the injury environment, mean temperature and wind speed were −20.5 °C and 3.3 m/s, respectively. Fourteen cases achieved wound healing without surgery intervention, 5 cases received skin graft, and 17 cases received amputation. Most amputations (12 cases) were restricted at toe level; only 1 case received whole feet amputation. Our finding indicated that feet deep frostbite in our hospital showed a male predominant and older age including various risk behaviors and coexistence risk factors. Clinical management based on pathology mechanism needs further improvement, as the amputation rate was still high. How to avoid amputation and lower the amputation level are the focus of future efforts.
The cesarean section rate is reported to be 25.3% at a tertiary hospital in Sydney, which increases from 18.7% in 1989-1994 to 30.4% in 2010-2016. 1 Irrespective of the complications, the incision scar of cesarean is the greatest source of annoyance for mothers. Various treatments have been introduced to satisfy the maternal demand for scar therapy, including suture technique, physical therapy, and steroid injection. Of them, laser therapy is promising in the treatment for incision scar. Nowadays, numerous reports have focused on the laser application, which has been approved to be promoted in clinical application. Typically, fractional CO 2 laser therapy is the most common choice. New collagen fibers are observed in the dermis after fractional CO 2 laser therapy, which are arranged in a more organized and parallel fashion. 2 Nonetheless, there are still shortcomings in clinical practice. In addition to various modes and setting parameters, the diverse evaluation methods may also lead to the controversial results. Therefore, aiming to offset the disadvantages of each evaluation method, multiple evaluation methods were jointly adopted in this
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