Chlorfluazuron (Atabron) is an insect growth regulator (IGR) belongs to benzoylphenyl urea for controlling the major insect pests. The present work aims to investigate the toxicological and biological effects of Chlorfluazuron on the 4th larval instar of rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 ppm) under laboratory conditions. The results revealed high significant mortality in larvae, pupae and adults. The obtained results showed significant decrease in adult emergence, fecundity and fertility. Chlorfluazuron caused also a significant prolongation in larval and pupal developmental period. When 4 th larval instar treated with LC 50 value of Chlorfluazuron (1.2ppm) female production and male's perception to pheromone affected. The results indicated that both treated and untreated sexes of the rust red flour beetle could secrete a pheromone that was able to stimulate the opposite sex as well as its own sex. Although production and responsiveness of pheromone in untreated groups were significantly higher than treated one. Females secreted a pheromone that stimulated males is sex pheromone. While the pheromone secreted by males is an aggregation pheromone. Production and responsiveness to pheromone in untreated virgin sexes was significantly higher than treated one at photophase and scotophase. The maximum production and perception of pheromone in untreated sex were at 15.00 p.m. While a peak in treated one was at 13.00p.m.
Pyriproxyfen (Admiral) is an insect growth regulator (IGR) acts as antijuvenile hormone. The present work aims to investigate the toxicological effect of Pyriproxyfen on both sexes of rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum resulted from treated 4 th larval instar with LC 50 value (2.4ppm) and its effect on female production and male's perception to pheromone. The results indicated that both treated and untreated sexes could secrete a pheromone that was able to stimulate the opposite sex as well as its own sex. But production and responsiveness of pheromone in untreated groups were significantly higher than treated one. Females secreted a pheromone is a sex pheromone, While the pheromone secreted by males is an aggregation pheromone.
This study evaluated the insecticidal bioassays of four known plant oils against the 4 th larval instar of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts). Mortality% increased with increased concentrations of oils and exposure time LC 25 & LC 50 showed the efficacy of cinnamon oils, followed by black seed, lemon, and then camphor oils. They induced biochemical changes on T. granarium adults with LC 50 compared to control, which were tracked by analysis of carbohydrate-hydrolysis enzymes to measure phosphatase enzymes changes post-treatment. Acid phosphatase enzyme was significantly decreased when treated with black seed, lemon, and camphor oils, but highly increased with cinnamon oil compared to control. Alkaline phosphatase was decreased significantly post-treated with black seed and lemon oils, but increased significantly after camphor and cinnamon oils treatment compared to control. Trehalase enzyme was significantly decreased, but invertase and amylase decreased significantly except in cinnamon oil, which increased significantly compared to control. All oils showed significantly less activity in acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase compared to control. When the 4 th larval instar was treated with LC 25 of cinnamon oil (0.91%), male perception of sex pheromone and female pheromone production were impacted. Pheromone production and response were much higher in untreated beetles than in treated ones.
Chlorfluazuron (Atabron) is an insect growth regulator (IGR) used for controlling the major stored product pests. This study investigate the effect of Chlorfluazuron on both sexes of Tribolium castaneum which resulted from treated 4 th larval instar with LC 50 values (1.2ppm for 4 th larval instar). The maximum production and perception of pheromone on both sexes resulted from treated 4 th larval instar were at 8-10 days old while at 4-6 days old in untreated sexes. The maximum and minimum pheromone production and perception by sexes resulted from treated 4 th larval instar were at 30 o C, while it decline to its lowest titer at 15 o C. The study revealed that both sexes resulting from treated 4 th larval instar with LC 50 of Chlorfluazuron caused the formation of abnormal antennae and effect on number and distribution of the sensillae.
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