Abnormalities of pigmentation are common and frequently produce great concern in patients presenting to primary care physicians. Although many pigmentary changes arise as a consequence of inflammatory skin disorders, it is important to differentiate a primary skin disease from postinflammatory changes. Early recognition of a pigmentary disease allows the clinician to begin appropriate therapy at a stage when medical intervention may be more effective. Although many skin disorders are mainly of cosmetic concern, the condition may be devastating psychologically, requiring the clinician to be sensitive to the overall impact of the disorder and treat it accordingly.

The 2020 Global Gender Gap Report highlights the glacial and uneven pace of women's empowerment, and warns that gender equality is not likely to be achieved in the next century, let alone by 2030 (World Economic Forum, 2019). Similarly, the UN-commissioned Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) 2019 (UN, 2019) noted four ways in which the world is regressing rather than progressing on the sustainable development agenda, including rising (gender) inequalities (UN, 2019). Of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), progress on Goal 5 (the stand-alone Gender Equality SDG -though other gender equality targets are included under many of the other 16 goals) is among the slowest, with 119 of 129 countries receiving 'failing' or 'very poor' scores according to Equal Measures 2030's SDG Gender Index (EM2030, 2019); and almost all regions making limited or no progress on gender equality according to the United Nations

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This chapter examines Korea’s development experience and the extent to which it comprises a coherent development model. The chapter sets forth three key features of Korea’s of deliberate and planned development: (a) state-led economic development; (b) social development and capability enhancement; and (c) strategic use of aid for development. It then highlights various inconsistencies and ambiguities of the Korean development story and cautions against promoting it as a one-size-fits-all model. That said, the chapter represents the evolution of the Korean developmental state—from its earlier authoritarian, neo-mercantilist iteration to its current democratic and globalized model—as a testament to the fact that development is a contextual, adaptive process. Korea owes its success to its flexibility and openness to a range of development approaches. In this regard, the chapter argues that the Korean development experience does indeed offer useful, adaptable development options, and that Korea can play a constructive, balanced, and bridging role in development and development cooperation.

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