According to United Nation, water crisis could affect 5 billion people by 2050 due to climate change, increased demand and polluted supplies. The main issue of the water crisis is rapid increasing of population and rapid urbanization; the water catchment area is decreasing due to deforestation for development. The aim of the project is to address the water crisis for the future development by the propose Sponge Town in every district of Kuala Lumpur which is to create water sensitive and sustainable master plan with storm water collection, rainwater harvesting, and atmospheric water harvesting design. The project proposal has the potential to minimize the water supply from the centralized water treatment plant, minimize the water disruption case in future and minimize the non-revenue water as well as flash flood. The design targets 100% usage of rainwater, storm water and atmospheric water as portable water supply as well as to increase the awareness of water conservation in public.

No abstract

The current trend of urbanization forces building development in urban areas, but the limitation of land in the area forces the development to be conducted upwards instead of sideways; thus, high-rise buildings will continue for decades. The façade of a high-rise building plays the most significant role in connecting the indoors and outdoors, therefore, having the most direct effect on the surrounding environment. Nowadays, glass is one of the most popular materials used in a high-rise building’s façade. The abundance of high-rise buildings with glass façades is also found in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. However, the climate condition of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area proposes challenges in designing high-rise buildings with glass façades to accommodate outdoor human comfort. This study aims to review whether people achieve human comfort in an outdoor area of high-rise buildings with glass façades in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Using literature review through content analysis, this study found that theoretically, high-rise building with glass façade does not naturally respond to the climate condition of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area in providing human comfort. However, human psychological factors need to be considered in determining whether a condition is perceived as comfortable, as occupants of an outdoor environment have different expectations than those indoors. Thus, further assessments need to be conducted to determine whether developing high-rise buildings with a glass façade is appropriate to support outdoor human comfort in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area.