Vocational civics training is important for preparing a good life for persons with intellectual disabilities. This is based on the reality that the main problem of persons with intellectual disabilities is they are unable to think abstractly and difficult thing, so that they face obstacles and difficulties to participate fully and effectively in their citizenship. But for some people with intellectual disabilities, they are able to be educated for semiskilled work with supervision. Their potential for work can be a basis to strengthen their life skills, so that they have social recognition and able to be economically independent. This study employs a qualitative approach to institutions that use employment services for people with intellectual disabilities. The result show that vocational civics training can empower the social and economic capabilities of persons with intellectual disabilities. The training model developed is a partnership between the business world and educational institutions with policy facilitation provided through legislation.

This study aims to find a description of the creative cognitive process abilities of students in learning citizenship, through virtual contextual constructive learning. The research uses a qualitative approach with classroom action research methods, based on online learning via whatsapp, zoom meeting/google meet and google classroom. The research subjects were first semester students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Nusantara who took Citizenship Education courses. The research method used is action research with a practical action research model / classroom action research. The indicators for measuring creative cognitive processes include: the ability to identify, formulate problems and create hypotheses to solve problems, the ability to plan realistic solutions, and the ability to construct knowledge by mapping the content of appropriate concepts in learning outcomes. The results showed that contextual constructive learning through virtual learning could develop the creative cognitive process ability of level 1 students in learning citizenship, with a "good" score (77.3 %). This result is not optimal, if it is associated with the ideal value standard of "very good" (85 - 100%). This is found to be lacking in some grade I students in generating creative ideas, namely: students lack high confidence in the truth of their thoughts, if they do not see the internet, do not spontaneously express rationalization of their thinking abilities, express their thinking ideas only imitate other people's statements, have not been able to explain in detail and coherently on the problem and do not elaborate on the problem solving given, less explore literature sources as a reference for thinking in giving birth to problem solving ideas.

This study aims to describe the pedagogical competence of teachers in vocational skills for students with intellectual disabilities. Vocational skills teachers at Special Education Schools are required to master the types and characteristics of students with special needs and the basics principles of special education. The research subjects were 37 special schools teachers in West Java Province. The research used a quantitative approach with the type of survey method and used as an evaluative method. This research is intended as validation to measure the effectiveness of the life skills training program model in developing social independence and productive work skills students with mild intellectual disabilities. The research technique used a questionnaire instrument with percentage data processing. The result showed : a) pedagogical competence in planning, qualitatively declare good (88,5 %); b) the understanding of educators to believe the importance of identifying individual programs (90%); c) educators conditioning the initial learning activities well (90%); d) the understanding of educators in competence to carrying out skills education well (90,5%), including: mastery material component development of systematic training strategies; e)reflection of educators by involving participants (87%), follow up by paying attention to completion of the participant’s assignments and by giving directions for enrichment activities or tasks (89%).