Garlic (Allium sativum L.) that is cultivated in Tunisia is heterogeneous and unclassified with no registered local cultivars. At present, the level of genetic diversity in Tunisian garlic is almost unknown. Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) genetic markers were therefore used to assess the genetic diversity and its distribution in 31 Tunisian garlic accessions with 4 French classified clones used as control. It was the first time that ISSR markers were used to detect diversity in garlic. Seventeen ISSR primers were screened; seven primers detected 73 polymorphic bands. A high level of polymorphic loci (p) was found in Tunisian populations (54%). Nei's total genetic diversity coefficient was 0.45 and 0.34 respectively for Tunisian and French garlic. Genetic distances observed between Tunisian accessions, ranged between 38.4 and 78.1%. Factor analysis of distances' table (AFTD) did not classify accessions on the base of geographical origin or morpho-physiological characters, particularly bolting ability, but confirmed the appurtenance of analyzed accessions to sativum botanical subspecies. There was sufficient diversity detected to start a national collection of garlic germplasm which is crucial for the conservation of genetic diversity and its valorization.
Cette étude avait pour objectif la caractérisation phéno-morphologique de 13 lignées de fève sélectionnées à l’Institut des Régions Arides de Medenine (Tunisie) à partir de 42 populations traditionnelles. La variabilité phéno-morphologique de ces lignées a été documentée et suivie du semis jusqu’ à la maturité des graines par des mesures biométriques et des évaluations qualitatives sur différentes parties des plantes. Les caractères morphologiques ont été décrits en se basant sur le descripteur de l’UPOY (2000) pour l’espèce Vicia faba L. L’analyse des résultats permet de distinguer 2 groupes en se basant sur le critère précocité et le poids de cent graines. Le premier groupe est constitué par la lignée 8 et se disringue par le fair qu’elle est la plus précoce et présente le poids de cent graines le plus éléve. Le deuxième groupe se subdivise en 3 sous-groupes qui different entre eux par la vigueur et la productivité de la plante. Le premier sous-groupe renferme les lignées 5, 10, 11, 12 et 13 se caractérise par un nombre de fleurs par racème plus faible, avec un poids moyen de cent graines variant de 162, 96 à 165, 24 get des nombres de graines par gousse les plus éléves. Le deuxième sous-groupe englobe les lignées 6, 7, et 9 qui sont les plus homogènes du point de vue de la date de 50 % floraison, hauteur finale de la plante et longueur de la foliole. Le dernier sous-groupe incl us les lignées 1, 2, 3 et 4 qui sont caractérisées par un nombre de gousses par plante, un nombre de tiges par plante, et un nombre de fleurs par racème les plus éléves. Ces lignées devraient être conservées et valorisées pour les programmes d’amélioration variétale de l’espece Vicia faba par des sélections successives jusqu’à l’obtention d’une variété synthétique plus productive et mieux adaptée aux conditions arides du Sud Tunisien.
The objective of the present study was to produce a pheno-morphological characterization of 13 faba bean lines selected by the Institute of Arid Regions from 42 local populations. The pheno-morphological variability of these lineages was observed and followed from planting through to seed maturity by biometric measurements and by qualitative evaluations on different plant parts. Morphological characteristics were described by using the UPOV (2000) descriptor. The analysis of results made it possible to distinguish between 2 groups based on precocity and hundred-seed weight. The first group was represented by line 8 which differs from others by the fact that it was the earliest and had the highest one hundred-seed weight. The second group was divided into 3 subgroups that differed in terms of plant vigour and productivity. The first subgroup was characterized by a lower number of flowers per raceme, a hundred-seed weight average ranging from 162.96 g to 165.24 g and a highest number of seeds per pod. This first subgroup contained the lines 5, 10, 11, 12 and 13. The second subgroup included lines 6, 7 and 9 which were the most homogenous on 50 % owering date, plant height and length of lea et. The latter subgroup included the lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized by a highest number of pods per plant, number of stems per plant, and number of flowers per raceme. These lines should be preserved and valued for the varietal improvement programs of Vicia faba. Successive selection should be practiced until a more productive synthetic variety is obtained that is better adapted to the dry conditions of South Tunisia.Key words: Phenology, agromorphology, characterization, Vicia faba
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