Intergeneration social mobility is an old concern in both sociology and economics and refers to a change in the status of family members from one generation to the next. In the line with Markov Chain Theory, in this paper, we provide estimates for intergenerational mobility, which is measured in terms of probabilities. We believe that the social mobili many other natural and social science process can be represented by Markov matrices. The results from this study show that after 7 generations the distribution has converged to its stationary point. Meaning, if there is no policy initiative to shift the intergeneration immobility; UK will remain with distribution showing inequality and different opportunities for the young generations depending on their parental background. In addition, over time the number of individual belonging to low-income class increased, from 0.21 to 0.289. This implies that in UK, the income inequality has been increasing trough the period. formulated by using the Wolfram Mathematical Programming System.

No abstract

No abstract

The mathematical base of stochastic labor markets is the theory of Markov processes, and the uncertainty is its indivisible part. Markov processes are used to calculate the equilibrium position, the time needed to reach it, natural rate of unemployment, transition probabilities and first passage time. While the theories of uncertainty give why workers transit, identify the market anomalies and best fitted Markov model. The findings showed that the semi-Markov labor model better fi Switzerland data. Furthermore, the time needed to reach the equilibrium position is 4.6 years and the right number of employed workers, unemployed and inactive workers maintain the highest rate of reduction is 67.16 %, 1.31 % and 31.54 % respectively, where 1.31% is the natural rate of unemployment. What is also important to point that the percent of employed workers in Switzerland is expected to decrease from 79.4% to 67.16%, while the percent of inactive workers is projected to increase significantly, from 15.9%to 31.54%. are expected to transit to an Inactive state in the future and stay there for a longer time are the older works (above 45 years). In other words, t Switzerland labor market is directed toward its "bad" equilibrium. end, the demographic structure is considered as one of the main factors for sustainable growth. Therefore, the government is suggested to control the population growth and put into practice newpolicies,becausethe traditional pro-family policies encourage bigger families has failed to increase the fertility rates to expected levels.