We conducted a systematic review to determine the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) for chronic pain. The systematic review is according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. Five databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect) were searched using cannabidiol, CBD, hemp, and chronic pain. Inclusion criteria used were studies on adult populations >18 years old; pain symptoms >three months duration; all available preparations of CBD; human studies only; publication in English in the past five years. A total of 2298 articles were found. Inclusion criteria were applied, and quality assessments were done, resulting in 12 publications eligible for the review. CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), both from Cannabis plants with almost identical chemical structures, attach to the CB receptor, eliciting different effects like the psychoactivity seen on THC but less or none in CBD. Regulations of CBD worldwide differ from each other due to the insufficiency of solid evidence to establish its benefit versus the risks. However, a few studies are showing the benefits of CBD not only for chronic pain but also for sleep improvement and quality of life. In conclusion, CBD is an excellent alternative to an opioid in chronic pain because CBD is non-intoxicating in its pure form. More clinical trials should be done to prove CBD's significance clinically and statistically.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease with varying clinical manifestations. Recent studies have proposed that leptin may be related to SLE development. This study aims to assess current information regarding the relationship between leptin and SLE. A systematic search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies published in the English language in the last 10 years were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool.A total of 12 studies were included in this systematic review. These included systematic reviews/metaanalyses, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies. Based on the findings of this review, we conclude that leptin is significantly elevated in SLE patients; however, it does not seem to correlate with disease activity. The exact mechanism of leptin in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown and further research is needed regarding this aspect.

Migraine-a term used to describe a unilateral throbbing headache has shown growing evidence of being linked to different types of strokes-particularly ischemic and hemorrhagic. This study aims to identify and summarize the relationship between migraine and the incidents of stroke in women of child-bearing age. This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was done using PubMed, the British Medical Journal (BMJ), Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases up until March 15, 2022. Studies were chosen based on the listed eligibility criteria: English-language, observational studies, systematic reviews, articles, and meta-analyses, which included stroke patients and migraine patients, and the possible link between these two conditions.In addition, quality assessment was done using assessment tools like Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), Assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria. The initial search generated 245 studies. Fourteen studies were included in the final selection -one case-control, four cohort studies, seven systematic reviews with meta-analyses, and two narrative reviews. Strokes-particularly ischemic-were found to be linked to the incidents of migraine in women. The risks of a stroke increased if a woman was a smoker, under 45, and uses oral contraceptives regularly. In addition, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), genetic predisposition, and metabolic dysfunction was linked to increased incidents of hemorrhagic strokes-which proved to be rarer but more fatal due to their serious underlying pathophysiologies.

Perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) are often recurring and challenging to treat. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the medical, surgical, and combination treatment options and provide an overview of their efficacy. We performed this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our group searched PubMed, Medline, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for articles within the last ten years using different terms and criteria mentioned in detail in the search strategy and eligibility criteria sections. Initially, 739 records were retrieved, out of which we excluded 731 records for various reasons, such as irrelevant titles and abstracts and low scores on quality assessment tools. The evidence for combination (surgical and medical) therapy is superior to that for medical and surgical treatments individually. In contrast, the studies on medical and surgical treatments individually reported varied evidence and efficacy for their respective options.

Adenomyosis is a disease related to the presence of endometrial glands and stromal cells within the uterine myometrium that used to be linked to females that are more than 40 years old and multiparous. Nowadays, females are delaying their pregnancies to their third or fourth decade, and as diagnostic approaches evolve, the disease has become a common problem for females who desire pregnancy. The aim of this study is to identify the physio-pathological factors by which adenomyosis causes infertility and pregnancy complications, as well as the possible results from infertility treatments and the most common pregnancy complications that females with adenomyosis face.A systematic review based on a systematic search from PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases from the past five years was done. Papers with free full text available were subject to the removal of duplicates, screening for relevant titles and abstracts, and a quality assessment to identify the risk of bias (RoB). A total of 10 papers were selected for this study; they include systematic reviews and meta-analyses, cohorts, literature review, and a case-control study.After the review of the data, we conclude that infertility may be due to several factors that impair adequate sperm mobility through the uterus and an impaired implantation of a product. After some fertility treatments were performed, females with adenomyosis had a lower rate of clinical pregnancy. The pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery and hypertension problems related to pregnancy had an increased risk for females with adenomyosis, while for others such as intrauterine fetal death and gestational diabetes, the information is still controversial. The main limitation of this study was the lack of information of physio-pathological-related information probably due to only including data from the past five years.