Introduction Existing methods to detect breast cancer in asymptomatic patients have limitations, and there is a need to develop more accurate and convenient methods. In this study, we investigated whether early detection of breast cancer is possible by analyzing gene-expression patterns in peripheral blood cells.

No abstract

Background Micronutrient deficiency is a global health burden, especially among developing countries. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy Indian school‐going adolescents, based on area of residence, sex and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, the relationship of serum B12 concentration with dietary vitamin B12 intake and anthropometric indices was assessed among adolescents from rural and urban India. Methods A total of 2403 school‐going adolescents (11–17 years) from National Capital Region and rural areas of Haryana, India were selected. Serum B12 concentrations were estimated using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Dietary assessments were conducted on 65% of total participants (n = 1556) by two 24‐h diet recalls. Results The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the total study population was 32.4% (rural: 43.9% versus urban: 30.1%, P < 0.001; male: 34.4% versus female: 31.0%, P < 0.05; normal weight: 28.1%, versus overweight: 39.8%, versus obese: 51.2%, P < 0.001). More than half (51.2%) of obese adolescents were vitamin B12 deficient. On multiple linear regression analysis, serum B12 in rural adolescents was associated with age (β = −0.12, P < 0.05). Among urban adolescents, serum B12 was associated with BMI (β = −0.08, P < 0.05) and adjusted dietary vitamin B12 intake (β = 0.14, P < 0.001). Serum vitamin B12 levels were found to be lower in rural females (β = −0.12, P = 0.030) and urban males (β: 0.11, P < 0.001) compared to their respective contemporaries. Conclusions Vitamin B12 deficiency was higher among rural school‐going adolescents. Boys had a higher B12 deficiency than girls. Inverse associations of serum B12 with adiposity indices were observed. Serum B12 levels were positively associated with dietary vitamin B12 intake.

No abstract

The article describes a case study based on implementation of in-line near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using fi bre-optic transmittance probes. This study is based on an experimental design incorporating raw materials and process variables, a split-plot design. The results show that in-line NIR spectroscopy can be used for monitoring and predicting parameters related to both the input parameters (raw materials and process variables) and the fi nal product quality (viscosity of the product) for emulsion-based products in the food industry. However, the results are dependent on the proper choice of validation of the calibration models. The article also proposes a way to update calibration models in situations when new changes not accounted for in the calibration model are experienced.