Object: 1). To analyze of serum tumor marker CA-125 in patients with ovarian malignant tumors. 2). To correlate betweenthe serum levels of tumor marker with histological types of ovarian malignant tumors. Study Design: Institution based descriptive andprospective study. Place & Duration: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January2009 to June 2011. Material & Methods: One hundred cases, diagnosed as ovarian malignant tumor on H&E staining were selected forstudy & measure serum CA-125 preoperatively and postoperatively in each case. Results: Out of 100 cases diagnosed as on H&E stainwere 33 serous cystadenocarcinoma, 24 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 10 germ cell tumors and 08 sex-cord stromal tumors. On serumanalysis increased level of CA-125 was seen preoperatively in 33/33 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma and 24/29 cases of mucinousadenocarcinoma. Serum tumor marker value was declined following appropriate therapy of the tumors. Conclusions: Serum tumormarkers CA-125 is useful and important for the detection of ovarian tumors. It is most significant for serous cystadenocarcinoma. It mayalso help in prognosis and specific treatment of ovarian malignancies relating to histological type.

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Breast lump is the common complaint of women in clinics, which includes the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women.Objective: The study was conducted to know the pattern of female breast diseases in our setup at Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Design: Adescriptive Study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Material & Methods: Descriptive study Setting: Itwas conducted in the department of pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: Ten years from January2001 to December 2010. Results: Total of 2693 breast biopsies and mastectomies specimen included in this study, of which 278(10.32%)fibrocystic changes, 507(18.83%) inflammatory, 983(36.5%) benign and 889(33.01%) malignant. Conclusions: Benign Breast disease;fibroadenoma was the most common lesion. Infiltrating ductal carcinomas were next frequent, which reached hospital at late stage of disease.

Object: Evaluation & distribution of established etiological risk factors in patientsof breast cancer in our local population. Study Design: Institution based non-interventionaldescriptive & prospective study Place & Duration: Department of Pathology, Liaquat Universityof Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January 2009 to December 2011. Material &Methods: One hundred & two cases of breast cancer diagnosed on HE staining were selected forthe study. Results: More than 50% were in 4th and 5th Decades of life. 94% were married and06% were un-married. 65% were in pre-menopausal group and 35% in post-menopause group.93% had positive history of breast feeding. None of them had ever taken oral contraceptive.Smoking history was present only in 9.80 % cases. 27% cases had family history of breast cancerin first degree relative & 13% in 2nd degree relatives. Majority (66.66%) were belongs to lowermiddle socioeconomic class. Conclusions: Surprisingly in this study marital status, parity, andbreast feeding not proved as protective factors against breast cancer.

Object: Analysis of serum tumor markers CA-125, CEA, AFP, & ß-HCG in patientswith ovarian malignant tumors and correlation of their serum levels with histological types. StudyDesign: Institution based descriptive and prospective study. Place & Duration: Department ofPathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January 2009 toJune 2011. Material & Methods: One hundred cases, diagnosed as ovarian malignant tumor onH&E staining were selected for study & measurement of serum CA-125, CEA, AFP, & ß-HCGpreoperatively and postoperatively in each case. Results: Out of 100 ovarian cancers diagnosedon H&E stain 33 were serous cystadenocarcinoma, 29 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 19 germ celltumors and 15 sex-cord stromal tumors, 1 endometroid carcinoma, 1 brenner tumor, 1 clear cellcarcinoma and 1 case of NHL. Increased level of CA-125 was seen preoperatively in 33/33 casesof serous cystadenocarcinoma and 24/29 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Surprisinglyincreased levels were also seen in 10/19 germ cell tumor and 8/15 in sex-cord stromal tumors.CEA is raised in mucinous tumors. AFP & ß-HCG were raised in germ cell tumors & sex cordstromaltumors. Serum tumor marker levels were declined following appropriate therapy of thetumors. Conclusions: Serum tumor markers are useful and important for the detection of ovariantumors. They may also help in assessment of response to specific treatment, prognosis & followup of patient.